人工草地群落稳定性及其调控机制研究现状

Research Advancement on the Stability of Artificial Grassland and the Mechanisms of Its Maintenance

摘要:

人工草地的群落稳定性是草地生态学的主要研究内容之一。它是指在种间竞争、环境压力和干扰活动三个因子存在的条件下 ,人工植物群落各组分稳定共存、草地生产能力和经济利用价值不致降低的状态。人工草地群落稳定性的合理调控是维护高效、持久的人工草地 ,提高人工草地生产力的有效途径。其调控机制主要有牧草组分种间竞争 (品种组合 )、环境压力 (水、肥条件 )和干扰活动 (放牧和刈割 )等三种方式。分析人工草地群落稳定性及其调控机制研究现状 ,北美和西欧一些国家已在此研究领域内取得了较大进展 ,研究技术和理论体系在不断更新和完善 ;相对而言 ,我国尚处于起步阶段 ,研究工作开展得较少 ,技术手段较为落后 ,理论水平较低。今后我国草地学界应将群落稳定性及其调控机制列为专项课题 ,进行深入、细致的探索研究。

Abstract:

The stability of artificial grassland is one of the important subjects in Grassland Ecology Science. It can be defined as the state under which all the components in the artificial community of grass can coexist steadily, the productivity and economic benefit will be not lowered down as far as three influential factors, namely the competition among component species, environmental stress and disturbance are concerned. The appropriate adjustment on the stability of the artificial community of grass is the effective way to efficiently and sustainably improve the artificial grassland productivity. The major mechanisms to maintain the stability of artificial grassland are the competiition among grass species (i. e. the mixture of community ), environmental stress (mainly water and fertilizer ) and disturbance (mainly grazing and cutting ). Reviews on the research advancement of artificial grassland stability indicate the considerable headway have been made in some developed countries of America and Europe, the methodology and techniques are developed rapidly. On the contrary, the research work in this field are still at the beginning, the techniques and methods are relatively backward in our country. Therefore, the more consideration should be given to this subject by the grassland specialists in their project proposals.