垄沟集雨覆盖种植对土壤水分特征及红豆草生长特性的影响

Effects of ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting with ridgemulching on soil moisture condition and growthcharacteristics of sainfoin

摘要:

为了提高半干旱区土地生产可持续性,选择垄沟集雨覆盖种植红豆草较佳覆盖耕作措施。通过完全随机设计大田试验,以传统平作为对照,研究3种覆盖材料(普通地膜,生物可降解地膜和土壤结皮)和3种沟垄比[(60∶30,60∶45和60∶60(cm∶cm))对土壤水分、红豆草越冬率、株高、分枝数、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:垄沟集雨种植红豆草各处理40~140 cm 土层深度土壤含水量在红豆草返青前无明显差异,而在红豆草收获后差异较大。红豆草全生育期,与传统平作相比,普通地膜,生物可降解地膜和土壤结皮种植的土壤贮水量(0~200 cm)分别提高10.64,9.36和2.09 mm,红豆草越冬率分别提高23.6%,18.1%和8.2%,株高分别提高56.6%,47.7%和21.9%;分枝数分别提高30.6%,25.8%和7.8%,净干草产量分别提高184.9%,161.5%和109.3%,作物耗水量分别提高40.5%,30.1%和16.1%,水分利用效率分别提高23.4,22.7和17.8 kg/(hm2·mm)。同一覆盖材料,垄沟集雨种植红豆草的土壤水分、越冬率、株高、分枝数、产量和耗水量均随垄宽增加而增加。由于生物可降解地膜比普通地膜覆盖具有更好的环保效应,生物可降解地膜覆盖垄沟集雨种植可作为半干旱区种植红豆草的最佳途径之一。

Abstract:

In order to improve the sustainability of land production,and select a suitable ridge-mulching materialfor sainfoin production in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting system in semi-arid regions of China.A fieldexperiment was conducted to determine the effects of three ridge mulching materials (common plastic film,CPF;biodegradable mulching film,BMF;manually compacted soil,MCS) and furrow to ridge ratios (60∶30,60∶45 and 60∶60 cm) on soil moisture,winter survival rate,plant height,branch number,fodder yield,water consumptionand water use efficiency during sainfoin growing seasons in 2016,and the traditional flat planting(TFP) was used as a control.The results showed that the soil moisture of 40~140 cm soil layer was not significantlydifferent among all treatments in the greening period,but it was significant after harvest.Compared withTFP,the soil water storage (0~200 cm) increased by 10.64,9.36 and 2.09 mm,winter survival rate increasedby 23.6%,18.1% and 8.2%,plant height increased by 56.6%,47.7% and 21.9%,branch number increased by30.6%,25.8% and 7.8%,net hay yield increased by 184.9%,161.5% and 109.3%,water consumption increasedby 40.5%,30.1% and 16.1%,water use efficiency increased by 23.4,22.7 and 17.8 kg/(ha·mm)during the sainfoin growth season,respectively for CPF,BMF and MCS.Under the same mulching material,thesoil moisture,winter survival rate,plant height,branch number,hay yield,water consumption increased with theincreasing of ridge width.Due to the better environmental protection effect of biodegradable mulching film,theridge-furrow rainfall harvesting with ridge mulching biodegradable mulching film was the best way for sainfoinproduction in semi-arid area.