草甘膦和草铵膦对草坪恶性杂草丝茅的防效比较

Comparison of the control effect of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium on malignant weed Imperata koenigii in turf

摘要:

采用草甘膦(G_0.5,G_1.0和G_1.5)和草铵膦(GA_1.0,GA_1.5和GA_2.0)各3个浓度,对丝茅入侵为建群种的退化型草坪进行处理。通过测定其起效时间、施药10 d和40 d后丝茅的病状,分析鲜重防效、干重防效和株防效,比较不同除草剂种类及浓度对丝茅的防除效果。结果表明:草铵膦的起效时间短于草甘膦;药后10 d,草铵膦的见效率和枯死率大于草甘膦,施草甘膦使丝茅新老叶均为先退绿、再黄化、后枯死,施草铵膦使丝茅幼叶黄化、老叶变紫。施药后40 d,施草甘膦和草铵膦均使丝茅新芽膨大空心、新叶黄化、老叶枯死。施草甘膦的株防效、茎叶和根的鲜重和干重防效及总防效显著大于施草铵膦。株防效和茎叶防效主要受除草剂种类影响,根防效和总防效主要受除草剂浓度影响。1.5%草甘膦对丝茅防除效果较佳,适合在坪床准备除杂时应用。

Abstract:

In order to control the malignant weed (Imperata koenigii) to turf in subtropical region,three concentrations of Glyphosate (G) and glufosinate-ammonium (GA) were sprayed into the cold season turfgrasses which severely invaded by I.koenigii on June 1,2017.The effective time,the symptoms and apparent efficiency of I.koenigii after application 10 and 40 days were determined.And the control effects (fresh weight,dry weight and plant weight of weeds) of different herbicides and concentrations were analyzed.The results showed that the effective time of GA was shorter than G.At after spraying herbicide for 10 days,the efficiency and mortality of GA were greater than G,and the application of G caused both new and old leaves of I.koenigii were first dechlorinated,then yellowed,and then withered.While after spraying GA,young leaves of I.koenigii were yellowed and old leaves became purple.After applying G and GA for 40 days,new bud of I.koenigii became enlarged and hollow,new leaves yellowed,and old leaves withered.Moreover,the effects of G on plant weight,fresh weight and dry weight of stems and leaves,and total control efficiency was significantly greater than GA.Plant control effect and stem control effect were mainly affected by herbicide type.Root control effect and total control effect were mainly affected by herbicide concentration.1.5% glyphosate showed the best control effect on I.koenigii and was suitable for weed control in turf bed preparing period.