4个高丹草品种在江淮地区的生物学及营养学特性比较

Comparison of biological and nutritional characteristicsof four Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanensecultivars in Jianghuai area

摘要:

在江淮地区选取海牛Monster(HN)、帕卡Pa Kahuna(PK)、大卡Big Kahuna(DK)和高丹草BJ0603(GDC)4个品种,采用传统方法对不同品种高丹草生物学特性,产量及营养成分变化进行研究。结果表明:4个品种中,海牛生育期最长,可以达到腊熟期,其他品种在江淮地区均不能完成生殖生长;灰色关联度分析表明,高丹草株高和叶重是决定鲜草产量高低的最为密切的性状;不同刈割次数下,刈割2次的鲜草产量略高于刈割1次,但标准草产量及干物质产量刈割2次的甚至低于刈割1次;不同品种草产量差异显著,高丹草BJ0603的鲜草产量显著高于其他品种(P＜0.05),标准草产量及干物质产量帕卡与高丹草BJ0603显著高于海牛与大卡 (P＜0.05)。随着生育期的推进,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及粗蛋白(CP)含量逐步增加,粗蛋白(CP)含量在孕穗期达到最高值,粗灰分(ASH)含量随生育期增加逐步减小;茎秆中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF) 、粗蛋白(CP)及粗灰分(ASH)含量均有品种差异。综上所述,在江淮地区春播的高丹草品种各指标均表现良好,作为青饲或青贮利用时,综合产量、营养含量等因素,适合刈割1茬,海牛和高丹草BJ0603收获期应选择在孕穗期,而帕卡与大卡可以提前收获。

Abstract:

The biological characteristics,nutrient composition changes and yields of 4 Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense cultivars,including Big Kahuna (DK),BJ0603 (GDC),Pa Kahuna (PK) and Monster (HN),were studied.The results showed that except HN,the other 3 cultivars could not complete reproductive growth in Jianghuai area.Grey correlation analysis showed that plant height and leaf weight were the most closely related traits determining fresh grass yield.The fresh grass yield of GDC was significantly higher than other cultivars,the standard grass yields and dry matter yields of PK and GDC were significantly higher than that of HN and DK.The standardized grass yield and the dry matter production under one cut were higher than those under two cuts,while the fresh grass production under two cuts was significantly higher.The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) gradually increased with the growth period.The crude protein (CP) content reached the highest value at booting stage,crude ash content (ASH) gradually decreased with the growth period.The contents of ADF,NDF,CP and ASH in stems were different among cultivars.In summary,in the spring planting photosensitive Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense in Jianghuai area,all tested cultivars performed well and 1 cut harvest was suitable.The best cutting time was at booting stage for HN and GDC while PK and DK earlier.