干旱胁迫对6种湿地植物生理特性的影响

Effects of drought stress on physiologicalcharacteristics of six wetland plants

摘要:

以花叶芦苇(Phragmites australis var versicolor)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、水生红花美人蕉(Canna sp.)、泽泻(Alisma orientale)、花叶水葱(Scirpus validus cv.Zebrinus)等6种两年生湿地植物为试验材料,观察记载其物候期特性和成活率,采用盆栽控水法比较研究干旱胁迫不同天数(0、2、4、6、8 d)对其生理特性的影响。结果表明:定植2个月后,水生红花美人蕉、花叶芦苇和慈姑的成活率达到96%,6种湿地植物叶片相对含水量,持水率和叶绿素含量随着干旱胁迫天数的增加而降低,且与CK差异显著(P＜0.05),泽泻与慈姑在干旱胁迫6和8 d后死亡;花叶芦苇、菖蒲、水生红花美人蕉和花叶水葱的叶片叶绿素含量下降幅度分别为43.7%、33.2%、17.6%和62.8%;相对电导率呈上升趋势,水生红花美人蕉的叶片相对电导率上升幅度较小,为25.2%,花叶水葱最大,上升幅度达90.9%;菖蒲和水生红花美人蕉叶片丙二醛含量在干旱胁迫6 d含量较高,其余品种均在干旱胁迫4 d后叶片丙二醛含量达到高峰,且6种植物各处理间差异性显著(P＜0.05)。通过分析6种湿地植物的成活率和各项生理指标,综合评价打分,得出6种湿地植物的抗旱性强弱顺序为:水生红花美人蕉＞花叶芦苇和菖蒲＞花叶水葱＞慈姑＞泽泻。

Abstract:

Six biennial wetland plants (Phragmites australis var.versicolor,Sagittaria sagittifolia,Acorus calamus,Canna sp.,Alisma orientale and Scirpus validus cv.Zebrinus) were used as experimental materials to study their physiological characteristics under drought stress through moisture control pot experiment (CK,2,4,6 and 8 days).The phenological features and survival rates were observed.The results indicated that after two-month colonization,the survival rates of P.australis var.versicolor,C.sp.and S.sagittifolia reached to 96%;the relative water content,water-holdup and chlorophyll content of tested materials decreased with the increase of drought stress days,and were significantly different from CK (P＜0.05).A.orientale and S.sagittifolia were death after 6 and 8 days drought stress respectively,the chlorophyll content in leaf of P.australis var.versicolor,A.calamus,Canna sp.and S.validus cv.Zebrinus decreased by 43.7%,33.2%,17.6% and 62.8% respectively.The relative electrolytic leakage showed an increasing trend,and among tested materials,the decrease percentage of C.sp.was the lowest (25.2%),S.cv.Zebrinus the largest (90.9%).The malondialdehyde contents of A.calamus and Canna sp.reached the maximum on 6th day,and it was on 4th day for the rest,the difference among tested materials and treatments were significant (P＜0.05).Based on the survival rate,physiological indexes and comprehensive evaluation score,the order of drought resistance of 6 testes materials was Canna sp.＞P.australis var.versicolor and A.calamus＞S.validus cv.Zebrinus＞S.sagittifolia＞A.orientale.