轮作绿肥作物对陇中旱作区土壤主要理化性质的影响

Effects of planting different leguminous green manureson soil chemical properties in the arid regionof central Gansu

摘要:

为明确种植和翻压豆科绿肥作物改良和培肥土壤的效果,采用田间试验研究了种植和翻压豌豆、箭筈豌豆、毛苕子、蚕豆、大豆、紫花苜蓿6 种豆科绿肥作物对陇中旱作区土壤主要理化性质的影响。结果表明:种植绿肥作物并翻压后各处理间土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量及pH 差异均不显著,速效氮、速效磷及速效钾含量差异显著;与对照(休闲)相比,种植豌豆可提高土壤有机质(8.41%)和速效磷(2.23%)含量,种植箭筈豌豆可增加土壤速效氮(13.27%)含量,种植大豆可提高土壤全氮(10.75%)和速效钾(22.81%)含量并降低了pH(0.75%),种植苜蓿可提升土壤全磷(12.75%)含量。灰色关联度分析表明,种植豆科绿肥作物豌豆、箭筈豌豆、蚕豆、大豆、紫花苜蓿的改土培肥效果均优于休闲,种植毛苕子其培肥地力的效果不及休闲。在陇中干旱区,豌豆、箭筈豌豆是首选推广的优质豆科绿肥。

Abstract:

A field experiment with 7 treatments: fallow(control),planting Pisum sativum ,Vicia sativa,Iiciavillosa,V.faba,Glycine max,and Medicago sativa were conducted.The effects of different treatments onsoil chemical properties were analyzed.The results showed that there were no significant differences in soil totalnitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium contents among treatments.The contents differed significantly(P< 0.01) in soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium.There were significant increasesof soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents after planting P .sativum .Available nitrogen contentwas highest after planting V.sativa.Available potassium content was highest after planting G.max.Therewas a certain correlation between soil nutrient indexes.Gray correlation degree analysis showed that the efficiencyof soil fertility improvement was higher than control after planting leguminous green manures of P .sativum ,V.sativa,V.faba,G.max,and M .sativa,whereas the efficiency of fertility improvement after planting I.villosawas lower than control.P .sativum and V.sativa were top quality leguminous green manure to promote inthe arid region of central Gansu.