玛曲县高寒草甸鼠害地治理措施效果评价

Evaluation on the effect of rodent control measureson alpine meadow in Maqu County ofQinghai-Tibet Plateau

摘要:

对甘肃省玛曲县高寒草甸区轻度和中度鼠害地分别采取控鼠+封育1年+适度放牧1年,控鼠+封育补播一年生黑麦草+适度放牧1年的治理措施,调查了不同治理措施下鼠害地植物种类、高度、盖度、各功能群(禾本科、莎草科、杂类草)地上生物量以及有效鼠洞数目等指标。结果表明:1)轻度鼠害地经过灭鼠封育后,植物群落Menhinick指数、Evenness_e^H/S指数和Simpson_1-D指数分别增加154.9%、41.1%、52.8%,植物群落总地上生物量和有效洞口数均显著增加,干草产量可达3 758.19 kg/hm2;适度放牧1年后植物群落总地上生物量和有效洞口数均显著降低(P＜0.05);2)中度鼠害地采取封育1年后植物群落Menhinick指数、Evenness_e^H/S指数和Simpson_1-D指数分别增加了71%、31%、18%(P＜0.05),而Dominance_D指数显著降低(P＜0.05)。植物群落总地上生物量显著增加,有效洞口显著降低(P＜0.05)。适度放牧1年后,植物种类增加了47.75%,Evenness_e^H/S降低了24.2%,有效洞口数显著增加(P＜0.05)。

Abstract:

It is of great significance to scientifically evaluate the effects of different control measures on rodent damage areas for the prevention and control of alpine meadow degradation.For mild and moderate rodent damage in the alpine meadow area of Maqu County,Gansu Province,the control measures were respectively adopted,including rodent control+ one-year ban grazing+ one-year light grazing,and rodent control + ban grazing with reseeding annual ryegrass + light grazing,and the plant species number,height,coverage,the functional group of aboveground biomass,and number of available pika hole number were investigated.The results showed that: 1) after rodent control and ban grazing in mild rodent damage area,Menhinick index,Evenness_e^H/S index and Simpson_1-d index of plant community increased by 154.9%,41.1%,and 52.8%,respectively.The total aboveground biomass and available hole number significantly increased,in which the hay yield increased to 3758.19 kg/hm2.After light grazing for one year,the total aboveground biomass of plant community and available hole number significantly decreased (P＜0.05).2) after reseeding annual ryegrass for one year in moderate rodent damaged area,Menhinick index,Evenness_e ^ H/S index,and Simpson_1-D index of plant community significantly increased by 71%,31%,and 18%,respectively (P＜0.05),while the dominance index decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The aboveground biomass increased significantly,and the available hole number decreased significantly (P＜0.05). After light grazing for one year,the plant species number significantly increased by 47.75%,Evenness_e ^ H/S index significantly reduced by 24.2%,and available hole number increased significantly (P＜0.05).