绿洲灌区种植模式对土壤物理性质与有机碳的影响

Effect of rotation on soil physical properties andsoil organic matter content in oasis irrigation area

摘要:

连续4年在干旱绿洲灌区进行旱作农田不同种植模式试验,研究不同耕作模式与不同种植模式对土壤物理性质、有机碳含量的影响,旨在为优化农田耕作方式,防止土壤肥力退化提供理论依据。试验共设8个处理,分别为传统小麦间作玉米(CTM∥W)、前茬为传统小麦轮作玉米(CTSM)、前茬麦后复种油菜轮作玉米(W-G-M)、前茬为小麦带留茬覆盖间作玉米(NTW∥M)、前茬小麦留茬覆盖后复种油菜轮作玉米(NTW-G-M)、前茬为小麦留茬覆盖轮作玉米(NTSM),对土壤容重、团聚体、持水量与有机碳进行测定分析。结果表明:免耕处理土壤(≥0.25 mm)机械稳定性和水稳定性含量、平均重量直径(MWD)、平均几何直径(GMD)、0~30 cm土层土壤持水量和有机碳含量均高于翻耕处理,与间作小麦相比,间作玉米、小麦-冬油菜-玉米、单作玉米处理土壤容重分别增加了7.06%、8.08%、10.55%。在绿洲灌区免耕处理小麦与玉米间作耕作方式可以有效促进农田土壤的可持续发展。

Abstract:

In order to provide theoretical basis for the optimization of farming methods and the prevention of soil fertility degradation,this paper studied the comprehensive effects of different cropping patterns and planting patterns on soil physical properties and organic carbon content.Through the field positioning experiment for 4 consecutive years,eight treatments were set up,which were traditional wheat intercropping maize (CTM ∥W),traditional wheat rotation maize (CTSM) as the first crop,wheat after planting rape rotation maize (W-G-M) as the second crop,wheat with stubble mulching intercropping maize (NTW∥M) as the first crop,wheat with stubble mulching after planting rape rotation maize (NTW-G-M) as the second crop,wheat with stubble mulching rotation maize as the second crop (NTSM).Soil bulk density,aggregate,water holding capacity and organic carbon were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the soil mechanical stability and water stability content,mean weight diameter,geometric mean diameter,soil water holding capacity,and organic carbon content of 0~30 cm soil layer in no tillage treatment were higher than those in tillage treatment.Compared with wheat intercropping,the soil bulk density in treatment of corn intercropping ,wheat-winter rape-corn intercropping,and single corn cropping increased by 7.06%,8.08% and 10.55%,respectively.In oasis irrigation area,wheat-corn intercropping with no-tillage treatment can effectively promote the sustainable development of farmland soil.