轮作绿肥对黄土高原半干旱区土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

Effects of green manure crop rotation on soil microbialquantity and enzyme activity in semi-aridregion of the Loess Plateau

摘要:

为明确种植和翻压绿肥改良和培肥土壤的效果,采用田间试验研究了种植和翻压箭筈豌豆、大豆、沙打旺、红豆草、蚕豆、玉米、毛苕子、紫花苜蓿、豌豆9种绿肥作物对黄土高原半干旱区土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响。结果表明:除硝酸还原酶和放线菌外,2018年土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及细菌、真菌数量均较2017年高;与对照(休闲)相比,种植箭筈豌豆显著升高脲酶活性,种植大豆显著提升碱性磷酸酶活性,种植红豆草显著提高细菌数量和过氧化氢酶活性,种植蚕豆显著提高真菌数量。经灰色关联度综合评价得出,轮作蚕豆、红豆草、毛苕子,其培肥地力的效果优于休闲,轮作箭筈豌豆、沙打旺、大豆、玉米、紫花苜蓿、豌豆,其培肥地力的效果不如休闲。在黄土高原半干旱区,蚕豆、红豆草、毛苕子是首选推广的优质绿肥作物。

Abstract:

A field experiment with 10 treatments including and different green manure crops (Vicia sativa,Glycine max,Astragalus adsurgens,Onobrychis viciaefolia,Vicia faba,Zea mays,Iicia villosa,Medicago sativa and Pisum sativum) with fallow as control were conducted in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau.The effects of different treatments on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity were analyzed.Results showed that the activities of soil urease,alkaline phosphatase and catalase,and the quantities of bacteria and fungi were higher in 2018 than 2017 except nitrate reductase and actinomycetes.Compared with control,the activities of urease and alkaline phosphate increased significantly after growing V.sativa and G.max.The bacteria quantity and catalase activity were highest after growing O.viciaefolia.The fungi quantity was highest after growing V.faba.Grey correlation degree analysis showed that the soil fertility improvement after growing V.faba,O.viciaefolia and I.villosa was higher than control,whereas the soil fertility after growing V.sativa,A.adsurgens,G.max,Z.mays,M.sativa and P.sativum was lower than control.V.faba,O.viciaefolia and I.villosa were good green manure crops in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau.