2种方法收集3种豆科植物挥发物的成分分析

Comparison of two methods for the collectionof volatiles from three legumes

摘要:

采用活体植物动态顶空吸附法(DHA)和固相微萃取法(SPME)收集扁蓿豆(Medicago ruthenica)、黑豆(black soybean)和野大豆(Glycine soja)3种豆科植物气味挥发物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对3种植物挥发物的主要成分进行分析鉴定,探究了不同收集方法对豆科植物挥发物组分分析的影响。结果表明:3种植物通过2种方法收集到7类化合物:醇、醛、酸、酯、酮、萜和烃类,动态顶空法收集到的挥发物组分与固相微萃取收集到的组分不同。挥发物扁蓿豆动态顶空法收集到33种,固相微萃取法收集到24种;黑豆和野大豆动态顶空法收集到18种和16种,固相微萃取法收集到24种和22种。2种收集方法检测出扁蓿豆中有6种相同化合物,黑豆和野大豆中的相同化合物分别为3种和4种;其中,4-乙基苯甲醛和乙酸叶醇酯是3种豆科植物的共有化合物。动态顶空吸附法收集的挥发物以酯类为主,固相微萃取法收集挥发物以醇类为主。动态顶空吸附法可反映植物近自然状态,因此建议使用该法收集活体植物挥发物。该研究结果可初步确定豆科植物挥发性成分,为进一步筛选豆科植物中对昆虫具有引诱活性的挥发物提供参考。

Abstract:

Volatiles from three legume species,Medicago ruthenica,black soybean and Glycine soja,were extracted by dynamic headspace extraction and solid-phase microextraction (SPME)to investigate the effects of extraction method on the volatile components.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze and identify the main components of volatiles.The results showed that the volatile components (mainly alcohols,aldehydes,acids,esters,ketones,terpenes and hydrocarbons) extracted by dynamic headspace extraction were different from those by SPME.There were 33,18 and 16 components of volatiles extracted by dynamic headspace extraction in M.ruthenica,black soybean and Glycine soja,respectively,while the corresponding values extracted by SPME were 24,24 and 22.Some common chemicals were extracted using those two different methods,for example,six chemicals (including leaf alcohol,trans-hex-3-en-1-ol,(E)-β-ocimene,4-ethylbenzaldehyde,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,hexadecane) in M.ruthenica;three chemicals (4-ethylbenzaldehyde,cis-3-hexenyl acetate and cyclohexane) in black soybean;and 4 chemicals (4-ethylbenzaldehyde,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,oct-1-en-3-ol and 3-octanol) in Glycine soja.The chemicals,cis-3-hexenyl acetate and 4-ethylpropiophenone were detected in all those three legume species.The main volatile components extracted by dynamic headspace analysis were esters,while the main components extracted by SPME were alcohols.As the dynamic headspace analysis could reflect the near-natural state of plants,it is recommended for the collection of volatiles from plants.This study identified the volatile components of three legume species,which could provide reference for further screening of volatile components in legumes that have attracting activity to insects.