天津地区饲用高粱属作物品种生长适应性比较

Comparison of growth adaptability of differentforage sorghum cultivars in Tianjin

摘要:

为筛选适宜天津地区种植的饲用高粱属作物品种,于2019年在天津市宁河区实验林场选择了21个饲用高粱属作物品种,进行物候期观测、农艺性状比较及在抽穗期收获后测定鲜草产量及干草产量。结果表明:参试的饲用高粱属作物品种的物候期有显著差异,其中晋牧1号、晋牧3号的生育期最短,光明星、甘露400的生育期最长。辽甜13号的株高最大,其次是辽甜6号、通甜1号、苏丹草A535XR43-02、苏丹草A506XR43-03、辽甜3号;金冠的株高最小,显著低于除高优123外的其他参试品种(P＜0.05)。参试品种的叶干重和茎干重占总干物质重的比值有显著差异(P＜0.05)。辽甜13号、辽甜3号的鲜草产量和干草产量均排在前2位。根据聚类分析结果,可将21个饲用高粱品种分为4类。不同饲用高粱属作物品种在天津地区的综合表现差异显著,其中,辽甜6号、通甜1号、辽甜13号、苏丹草A535XR43-02、苏丹草A506XR43-03、冀草2号、冀草8号、辽甜1号和辽甜3号等品种在天津地区均有较好的适应性,可作为优质饲草品种的备选材料在天津及周边地区推广种植。

Abstract:

In order to screening forage sorghum cultivars suitable for planting in Tianjin and its surrounding areas,twenty-one forage sorghum cultivars were selected.The phenology was observed.Agronomic characters,fresh grass yields and hay yields were measured after harvest at heading stage.The results showed that there was difference in phenology among twenty-one forage sorghum cultivars,with Jinmu 1 and Jinmu 3 having the shortest growth period,while Guangmingxing and Ganlu 400 having the longest growth period.Liaotian13 had the highest plant height,followed by Liaotian 6,Tongtian 1,Sudangrass A535XR43-02,Sudangrass A506XR43-03 and Liaotian 3.Gingguan had the lowest plant height among all cultivars except Gaoyou 123 (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in the ratio of leaf dry weight and stem dry weight to total dry weight among the tested cultivars (P＜0.05).The fresh grass yields and hay yields of Liaotian 13 and Liaotian 3 were highest.According to the results of cluster analysis,21 cultivars of forage sorghum can be divided into four categories.In conclusion,the comprehensive performance of different forage sorghum cultivars grown in Tianjin was significantly different;Liaotian 6,Tongtian 1,Liaotian 13,Sudangrass A535XR43-02,Sudangrass A506XR43-03,Jicao 2,Jicao 8,Liaotian 1 and Liaotian 3 showed good adaptability in Tianjin,which can be used as alternative materials for high quality forage cultivars in Tianjin and surrounding areas.