甘南高寒牧区秋播小黑麦与复种作物耦合对土壤养分的影响

Effects of coupling of autumn-sown triticale andcompound crops on soil nutrients in alpinepastoral area of Gannan

摘要:

通过研究甘南高寒牧区秋播小黑麦套作式复种不同作物(50%小黑麦×50%箭筈豌豆混播,40%黑麦×60%箭筈豌豆混播,50%燕麦×50%箭筈豌豆混播,小黑麦单播,黑麦单播,燕麦单播,箭筈豌豆单播)土壤养分含量的变化,以明确秋播小黑麦与复种作物耦合对土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:7个复种处理,秋播小黑麦复种50%小黑麦×50%箭筈豌豆混播处理土壤pH7.46(较春播前降低了1.84%)、有机质含量65.37 g/kg(较春播前增加了76.63%)、全氮含量2.14 g/kg(较春播前增加了9.18%)、全磷含量1.19 g/kg(较春播前增加了30.77%)、全钾含量8.71 g/kg(较春播前降低了1.36%)、速效磷含量17.08 mg/kg(较春播前增加了33.83%)、速效钾含量126.51 mg/kg(较春播前降低了12.07%);秋播小黑麦复种50%燕麦×50%箭筈豌豆混播处理时土壤pH7.39(较春播前降低了2.72%)、有机质含量75.67 g/kg(较春播前增加了104.46%)、全氮含量2.20 g/kg(较春播前增加了12.24%)、全磷含量1.23 g/kg(较春播前增加了35.16%)、全钾含量8.70 g/kg(较春播前降低了1.47%)、速效磷含量18.21 mg/kg(较春播前增加了42.71%)、速效钾含量127.73 mg/kg(较春播前降低了11.22%)。两种种植方式的土壤肥力综合评价值分别为0.645、0.739,属于高等级肥力水平,说明这两种复种混播模式耦合效应较好,有利于改良土壤养分条件,可作为甘南高寒牧区饲草复种模式进一步研究。

Abstract:

This experiment investigated the effects of intercropping autumn-seeding triticale with different crops(including 50% triticale×50% vetch mixed,40% rye×60% vetch mixed,50% oats×50% vetch mixed,seeding triticale,seeding rye,seeding oats,seeding vetch)in Gannan alpine pastoral area.The study aimed to study the coupling effects of autumn-sown triticale with double crops on soil nutrient content.Results showed that among all the seven double cropping treatments,autumn-seeding triticale intercropped with 50% triticale×50% vetch mixed had soil pH of 7.46(reduced by 1.84% than before spring sowing),organic matter content of 65.37 g/kg(increased by 76.63%),total N content of 2.14 g/kg(increased by 9.18%),total P content of 1.19 g/kg(increased by 30.77%),total K content of 8.71 g/kg(reduced by 1.36%),available P of 17.08 mg/kg(increased by 33.83%),available K of 126.51 mg/kg(reduced by 12.07%).Autumn-seeding triticale intercropped with 50% oats×50% vetch mixed had soil pH of 7.39(reduced by 2.72% than before spring sowing),organic matter content of 75.67 g/kg(increased by104.46%),total N content of 2.20 g/kg(increased by 12.24%),total P content of 1.23 g/kg(increased by 35.16%),total K content of 8.70 g/kg(reduced by 1.47%),available P of 18.21 mg/kg(increased by 42.71%),available K of 127.73 mg/kg(reduced by 11.22%).The comprehensive evaluation values of soil fertility of the two planting methods were 0.645 and 0.739,respectively,which fell into the category of high fertility.Our results showed that the coupling effects of the two hybrid mixing modes were effective to improve soil nutrient conditions and could be further studied as the mixed seeding mode of forage grass in the alpine pastoral area of Gannan.