放牧对高寒草地微尺度斑块及其构件特征的影响

Effects of grazing on mini-patch and their componentcharacteristics in alpine grassland

摘要:

斑块是放牧生态系统景观的固有组分,是草地生态系统结构与功能体现的基础单元,是生态系统过程、稳定性维持和退化生态系统恢复研究的核心内容。以高寒草地生态系统研究的重要工具之一微斑块为论述基础,从微斑块属性特性、构件特征及动态特征3个角度阐述了高寒草地演替中微斑块及其构件(植物群落、植物根系、土壤养分及土壤微生物)与干扰的响应及变化过程,梳理了微斑块镶嵌体空间资源配置与生态系统稳定性维持之间的耦合关系。对相关研究结果的概述有助于深刻理解草地生态系统维持机制、自组织形式及对干扰的应对策略,以期为受损高寒草地的恢复提供理论依据。

Abstract:

The alpine grassland is the main pasture on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,with the worst climatic environment to plant communities and a long history of livestock grazing.In the recent years,the alpine grasslands have been disturbed due to overgrazing and climate change,which damaged the function of ecosystem,influenced soil nutrients,water conservation and threatened the living condition of the herdsmen.Mini-patches are the basic material for carrying out research on the structural characteristics of ecosystems,the function of components of ecosystems,and the organizational pattern of alpine grassland.Meanwhile it provides useful tool in understanding the mechanisms of ecosystem succession and stability.In this article we used mini-patches as tool to understand the succession process of alpine grassland ecosystem,organizational pattern and mechanisms of ecosystems for maintaining stability.It would provide guidelines on understanding the processes and mechanisms of the alpine grassland associated with degradation process.More researches would be required using mini-patch as a tool on the assessment of ecosystem health and the restoration of damaged ecosystems.