种子附属物及贮藏方式对4种野生灌木种子萌发和生活力的影响

Effects of appendages on seed germination andviability of four desert shrubs in China

摘要:

以采于新疆青河县的木贼麻黄(Ephedra equisetina)和达坂城柴窝堡的木蓼(Atraphaxis frutescens)、戈壁藜(Iljinia regelii)和木本猪毛菜(Salsola arbuscula)种子为研究对象,去除种子附属物作对照,对成熟鲜种子和短期野外土壤中贮藏和室内干贮藏后种子的生活力和萌发进行了研究,以研究种子附属物及贮藏方式对种子萌发及生活力保持的作用。结果表明:木贼麻黄、戈壁藜和木本猪毛菜成熟鲜种子在各变温下的萌发率均接近100%,木蓼在4个温度下萌发率均较低,大部分种子处于休眠状态。鲜种子的附属物抑制木贼麻黄种子萌发,促进木蓼种子的萌发。短期贮藏后,附属物不利于木贼麻黄以及野外贮藏木蓼种子生活力的保持,有利于野外贮藏的戈壁藜种子生活力的保持。附属物抑制贮藏后木蓼种子的萌发,对木贼麻黄、戈壁藜贮藏后种子及木本猪毛菜鲜种子的萌发均无影响,木本猪毛菜无论有无附属物,贮藏后种子均失去生活力。在植被恢复播种和贮藏中,可以考虑去除木贼麻黄的种子附属物,保留木蓼和戈壁藜种子的附属物,木本猪毛菜种子不宜贮藏至第2年。

Abstract:

Seed appendages are important traits for fruit dispersal,and play a role in seed germination and vitality maintenance.The viability and germination of seeds with and without appendage were tested in four species including Ephedra equisetina collected from Qinghe County,Atraphaxis frutescens,Iljinia regelii and Salsola arbuscula collected from Chaiwopu,Dabancheng in Xinjiang after short-term storage in field soil and dry room.The results showed that germination percentage was close to 100% under all four different temperatures for three species,but not for A.frutescens with most dormant seeds.For fresh mature seeds,appendage inhibited seed germination of E.equisetina and promoted the germination of A.frutescens.After short storage,the appendages decreased the viability of seeds for E.equisetina and A.frutescens,but increased viability of I.regelii seeds stored in the field .The appendages inhibited germination of stored seeds for A.frutescens,and had no effects on germination of stored seeds for both E.equisetina and I.regelii.All seeds of S.arbuscula either with or without appendages lost viability after short storage.The effects of seed appendages on seed viability and germination depended on the seed dormancy characteristics,appendage structure and storage conditions.It is recommended that seed appendages should be removed for E.equisetina and be preserved for A.frutescens and I.regelii for revegetation.Seeds of S.arbuscula should not be stored to the following year.