荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluorescens)在植物病害生物防治中的研究及展望

Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens in biologicalcontrol of plant disease and its prospects

摘要:

生物防治已经成为目前植物病害防治研究的热点之一。荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)是一类重要的植物根际促生菌(PGPR),其主要作用是抑制病原菌,促进植物生长。本文综述了荧光假单胞菌的分离鉴定方法、生防机制,及其解磷菌株、解钾菌株的应用现状和酚酸类物质对荧光假单胞菌的化感效应。荧光假单胞菌可以通过产生抗生素、水解酶和诱导系统抗性,提高植物抗病性;通过产生铁载体、解钾菌和解磷菌,促进寄主植物对环境中不溶性铁、钾、磷元素的吸收和利用,这在农业生产方面具有巨大的应用价值。除此之外,利用生物技术筛选培育荧光假单胞菌高效菌株,优化其生物及化学调控技术和应用技术,利用高通量测序等技术,开展该菌株与土壤病原微生物、植物根系分泌物互作关系的理论研究,是该领域未来的重要研究方向。

Abstract:

Biological control is one of the research hotspots in plant disease management.As an important plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) in rhizosphere,Pseudomonas plays important roles in inhibiting pathogens and promoting plant growth.This review summarized the isolation and identification methods of Pseudomonas,its biocontrol mechanisms,the application status of potassium and phosphorus solubilizing strains,and the allelopathy of phenolic acids on Pseudomonas.Pseudomonas could improve plant disease resistance by producing antibiotics,hydrolases and inducing systemic resistance.It could also promote the absorption and utilization of insoluble iron,potassium and phosphorus in the environment by host plants,through producing siderophores,potassium and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria.This would have great application value in agricultural production.Important research directions in the future include using biotechnology to screen and cultivate high-efficiency Pseudomonas strains;optimizing its biological and chemical technology;and undertaking theoretical research on the interaction between Pseudomonas strains and soil pathogenic microorganisms,and plant root exudates by using high-throughput sequencing technology and other advanced technology.