当归种子航天诱变一代(SP1)的成药性能

Medicinal property of the first space mutationgernation (SP1) of A.sinensis

摘要:

早期抽薹和根腐病严重影响当归的栽培成效,为了探寻航天搭载对当归SP1代成药特性的诱变效应,将当归种子搭载“长征七号”和“神舟十一号”飞船,在太空分别历时22 h和33 d,返回地面后大田有机育苗栽培。结果表明:与对照(CK)种子相比较,神舟33 d和长征22 h处理的当归种子育成SP1种苗移栽后返青率分别显著提高24.0%和14.9%。成药期CK返青株早期抽薹率和死株率高达40.2%和26.8%,33 d和22 h群体的早期抽薹率较CK分别极显著提高29.7%和21.4%,死株率分别显著降低26.8%和16.0%,种苗成药率各处理依次为33 d(26.0%)＞22 h(21.4%)＞CK(20.8%);33 d和22 h群体株高、株幅和茎粗始终极显著高于CK,单株叶片数与CK相当;当归阿魏酸含量依次为22 h(0.12%)＞33 d(0.11%)＞CK(0.10 %),浸出物含量依次为33 d(57.90%)＞CK(54.10 %)＞22 h(51.30%)。说明航天搭载当归种子在诱导有利变异的同时也可诱导不利于生产的变异,但创造了抗逆性强的优异变异群体,奠定了新品种选育的宝贵种质资源,并拓展了新品种选育途径;根病和早期抽薹是造成当归成药率很低的主要原因,迫切需要对品种进行提纯复壮和选育改良。

Abstract:

Early bolting and root rot affect the cultivation effect of Angelica sinensis.In order to explore the induced effect of space flight on the plant medicinal formation characteristics,the A.sinensis seeds were carried on the "Changzhen No.7" and "Shenzhou 11" spacecraft for 22 h and 33 d respectively in space.After return to the ground,the seeds were then sowed to produce seedlings which were further cultivated and identified for medicinal formation in the field.The results showed that compared with the control seeds,the greening rate of SP1 transplanted from A.sinensis seeds loaded 33 d in Shenzhou and 22 h in Changzheng significantly increased by 24.0% and 14.9%,respectively.The early bolting rate and mortality of the control seeds were as high as 40.2% and 26.8% when returned to green after transplanted respectively.Compared with the CK,the early bolting rate of 33 d and 22 h population induced by spaceflight was significantly increased by 29.7% and 21.4%,respectively,and the mortality was significantly decreased by 26.8% and 16.0%,respectively.The medicinal plant rate of the seedlings was ranked as 33 d (26.0%) ＞ 22 h (21.4%) ＞ CK (20.8%).The plant height,plant width and stem diameter were significantly higher than those of CK,but there was no significant difference for leaf blades per plant.The rank of ferulic acid content was 22 h (0.12%) ＞ 33 d (0.11%) ＞ CK (0.10%),and the extract content was 33 d (57.90%) ＞ CK (54.10%) ＞ 22 h (51.30%),but the difference was not significant.In conclusion,the A.sinensis seeds carried by spaceflight could be induced to give both favorable and unfavorable variation,but the excellent population with strong stress resistance was created,by which the precious germplasm resources for new variety breeding were established.Thus,a technical way for breeding based on spaceflight is explored.Besides,root disease and early bolting were the main reasons for the low medicinal rate,and it was urgent to improve the A.sinensis variety by purification and rejuvenation.