盐碱地紫花苜蓿的适应机制与栽培策略

Adaptation mechanism and cultivation strategyof alfalfa in saline soil

摘要:

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是一种中强度耐盐碱豆科牧草,在盐碱地种植苜蓿具有较高的经济和生态效益。本文阐述了盐碱地苜蓿的适应机制及栽培策略:盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿通过增加渗透调节物质的积累、提高抗氧化酶活性,以保护膜系统,维持代谢平衡;苜蓿通过改变根、茎、叶的组织结构抑制毒害离子进入植物体和提高水分的运输代谢效率;制定适宜的灌排水制度改造盐碱土,以降低土壤含盐量;利用根际有益微生物改善根际微环境,以提高苜蓿的抗逆性;常规育种与基因工程育种技术相结合是培育耐盐碱新品种的重要途径。整合植物遗传育种学、植物生理生化和分子生物学等领域研究方法,是未来苜蓿耐盐碱研究工作的重点方向。

Abstract:

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a legume forage with medium tolerance to saline-alkali soil.Planting alfalfa in saline-alkali soil has high economic and ecological benefits.This paper reviewed the adaptive mechanism and cultivation strategy of alfalfa in saline-alkali soil.Under saline-alkali stress,alfalfa maintains metabolic balance by increasing the accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances,increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and protecting membrane system.aAlfalfa inhibits the entry of poisonous ions into the plant and improves the efficiency of water transportation and metabolism by adjusting the tissue structure of roots,stems and leaves.Development of appropriate irrigation and drainage systems enables the transformation of saline-alkali soils and helps to reduce soil salt content.Use of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms can improve the rhizosphere microenvironment and increase the alfalfa's resistance to environmental stresses.The combination of conventional breeding and genetic engineering technologies is an important approach to breed new varieties with tolerance to salt and alkali.The integration of research methodologies in the fields of plant genetics and breeding,plant physiology and biochemistry,and molecular biology should be the focus of future research on alfalfa's tolerance to soil salinity.