甘肃省夏河县高原鼢鼠(Eospalaxbaileyi)栖息地特征及相关环境因子分析

The characteristics and related environment factors of habitat of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi)in Xiahe County,Gansu

摘要:

高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)是青藏高原特有的地下啮齿动物,研究其栖息地特征及其与环境因子的关系对于理解生境选择机制及科学防控鼠害具有重要意义。本研究以青藏高原东缘的甘肃省夏河县为研究区,采用地面调查方法共调查了42个高原鼢鼠分布样地的经纬度、海拔、坡向、草地类型、植物群落结构和土壤紧实度,采用无人机低空遥感调查方法调查了每个样地高原鼢鼠鼠丘数量。利用相关性分析了高原鼢鼠鼠丘数量与环境因子的关系,明晰影响高原鼢鼠栖息地选择的主要环境因子。结果表明:夏河县高原鼢鼠主要地理分布为E 102°6′36″~102°34′48″、N 34°37′12″~35°24′14″,海拔为3 000~3 400 m,多栖息于土层深度10~20 cm且土壤紧实度为4 00~600 kPa的阴坡;分布区草地类型主要是山地草甸、高寒草甸和温性草原,其中植被盖度高于90%、物种丰富度30~60种的山地草甸分布点最多,约占3种草地类型总分布点的83%。相关性分析表明,0~10 cm土壤紧实度是影响高原鼢鼠栖息地选择的主要环境因子。

Abstract:

Plateau zokor(Eospalax baileyi) is a subterranean rodent endemic in Tibetan Plateau.In order to better understand the mechanism of habitat selection and control zokors' damage,it is very important to study the habitat characteristics and the related environment factors to the habitant selection of plateau zokor.We selected the distribution area of plateau zokor in Xiahe County in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surveyed 42 sampling sites.In each sampling site,we surveyed the geographical coordinates,slope,grassland type,plant community structure as well as soil compaction.Meanwhile,we used the drone to monitor the zokor mound number in each sampling site.Based on the data of zokor mound number and habitant variables,we analyzed the dominant factors that influence the zokor's habitat selection.The results indicate that plateau zokor in Xiahe County was mainly distributed in the area with geographical coordinates between E 102°6′36″~102°34′48″,and between N 34.6°36′0″ and N 34°37′12″~35°24′14″.The zokors prefer to live in the plate and shadow slope with altitude between 3 000 m to 3 400 m.The soil compaction of these habitants was 400 kPa~600kPa 10~20 cm below soil surface.The zokors are distributed in mountain meadow,alpine meadow and temperate steppe.The zokors prefer to live in the mountain meadow with high vegetation cover ( ＞90%) and rich plant species(30~60).The correlation analyses showed that the soil compaction 0-10cm under surface was the dominant factor,which influence the habitant selection of the plateau zokor in the area studied.