玫瑰套种对土壤养分及杂草的影响

Effects of rose interplanting on soil nutrients and weeds

摘要:

通过研究苦水玫瑰(Rosa sertata×R. rugosa)套种对土壤养分、玫瑰产量及杂草的影响，为优化苦水玫瑰栽培模式并为规模化种植提供理论依据。共设玫瑰+红豆草(T1)、玫瑰+紫花苜蓿(T2)、 玫瑰+鼠尾草(T3)、玫瑰+芝樱和苦水玫瑰单作 CK(T5)5 个处理，测定各处理土壤的养分含量和含水量、杂草数量、玫瑰花产量。结果表明：苦水玫瑰套种显著提高了土壤养分含量、鲜花产量，降低了杂草数量，与 CK 相比，T1~T4 玫瑰根际及行间的全氮含量增幅为 4. 29%~40. 32%、全磷含量增幅为 33. 33%~85. 71%、速效氮含量增幅为 6. 16%~53. 93%、速效磷含量增幅为 10. 51%~83. 40%、速效钾含量增幅为 5. 88%~71. 43%、有机质含量增幅为 3. 27%~32. 72%、土壤含水率增幅为 6. 67%~ 72. 96%；总盐含量降低了 15. 25%~29. 35%、pH 值降低 1. 53%~3. 64%。T3 抑制杂草效果最显著， 杂草数减少了 100. 65%；T2 鲜花产量最高，2 年分别提高了 21. 47% 和 26. 98%。套种有益于增加玫瑰根际及行间土壤的养分含量、含水量、抑制杂草并提高玫瑰产量，降低土壤盐碱度。玫瑰+苜蓿 (T2)有利于保持土壤的水分和提高鲜花产量；玫瑰+鼠尾草(T4)抑制杂草效果显著，具有一定的推广价值。

Abstract:

This research was to understand the impact of interplanting of Rosa sertata×R. rugosa soil nutrients， rose yield and weeds. The results provided the theoretical basis for optimizing the cultivation mode of Rosa sertata× R. rugosa and for large‐scale planting. The experiment was designed to compare four modes of interplanting：rose+ Onobrychis viciaefolia(T1)，rose+Lotus corniculatus(T2)，rose+Salvia japonica(T3)，rose+Edgeworthia chry- santha(T4)，and rose as CK(T5). The results showed that rose interplanting significantly improved soil nutrients and the yield of flowers，and reduced the quantity of weeds. Compared with CK，T1~T4 significantly improved total ni‐ trogen by 4. 29% to 40. 32%，total phosphate by 33. 33% to 85. 71%，available nitrogen from 6. 16% to 53. 93%， available phosphate from 10. 51% to 83. 40%，available potassium 5. 88% to 71. 43%，organic matter from 3. 27% to 32. 72%，soil moisture content from 6. 67% to 72. 96%；reduced total salt content by 15. 25% to 29. 35%，pH value from 1. 53% to 3. 64%. T3 was most effective to weed suppression and reduced weeds by 100. 65%；T2 yielded the highest rose flowers which increased by 21. 47% and 26. 98% in 2 years. Interplanting was beneficial to increase soil nutrition，water content ，inhibit weeds and improve the rose yield，and reduce soil salinity. Rose+Lotus corniculatus(T2)was beneficial to maintain soil moisture and improve flower production；T4 was most effective in weed suppression.