上海辰山植物园杂草的调查与防治

Investigation and weed control in Shanghai Chen⁃ shan Botanical Garden

摘要:

作为上海重要的大型公园绿地，辰山植物园在满足人们休闲游憩的同时，还具有引种、保育华东区系植物遗传种质资源的的核心功能，由此引起的限制使用杂草化学除草剂与杂草蔓延之间的矛盾表现突出。为解决矛盾，采用样方法调查植物园杂草种类、发生时期及分布情况，发现辰山植物园原生植物保育区山体专类园杂草有 108 种，中心人工专类园有 49 种，其中，两种植被类型共有的杂草为 19 种。菊科(Asteraceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)杂草占杂草种类的大多数，分别为 15. 2% 和 11. 6%。杂草主要发生在春夏季的 3 月和夏秋季的 7 月，杂草发生时间符合“双子叶杂草-单子叶杂草-双子叶杂草”“多年生杂草-一年生杂草-多年生杂草”的全年性发生规律。在调查、分析杂草发生基础上，根据杂草危害等级，通过物理、化学综合防治措施对比 2 种本底草坪草种的防治效果，得到以结缕草品种 ‘Belair’建植的草坪在 7 月可达到杂草防除最佳效果。

关键词:植物园;引种和保育;杂草;综合防除

Abstract:

As an important large park green space in Shanghai，Chenshan Botanical Garden not only satisfies people's recreation and leisure needs，but also has the core function of introducing and conserving the genetic germ‐ plasm resources of east China flora. The contradiction between limiting the use of weed chemical herbicides and the spread of weeds is prominent. In order to solve the contradiction，sample method was used to investigate the species， occurrence period and distribution of weeds in the botanical garden. It was found that there were 108 species of weeds in the primary plant conservation area of Chenshan Botanical Garden，49 species of weeds in the central artificial gar‐ den，and 19 species of weeds under the two types of vegetation. Compositae and gramineae accounted for the major‐ ity of weeds，accounting for 15. 2% and 11. 6%，respectively. The species of weeds mainly occurred in March of spring and summer and July of summer and autumn，and the occurrence time of weeds was consistent with the annual occurrence regularity of "dicotyledonous weeds ‐ monocotyledonous weeds ‐ dicotyledonous weeds" and "perennial weeds ‐ annual weeds ‐ perennial weeds". On the basis of investigation and analysis of weed occurrence，according to the weed harm grade，through physical and chemical comprehensive control measures to compare the control effect of the two background turf grass species，it is concluded that the grass with zoysia 'Belair' as the background can achieve the best weed control effect in July. This systematic weed control strategies could provide valuable reference methods for other botanical gardens and parks .

Key words:botanical garden;introduction and conservation;weed;integrated control