添加物对莪术茎叶青贮品质和营养成分的影响

Effects of different additives on quality and nutrient composition of stem and leaf silage of Curcuma pha⁃ eocaulis

摘要:

研究不同添加物下莪术茎叶的青贮品质，旨在挑选出莪术茎叶青贮的最佳添加物及比例。 试验将新鲜的莪术(Curcuma phaeocaulis)茎叶(含水量为 63. 46%)锄短处理后，随机分组，分别添加 10%(百分比均为鲜样中占比，下同)玉米粉、10% 麦麸、5% 糖蜜进行青贮调制。青贮 50 d 后，测定青贮莪术茎叶的感官品质及营养成分。结果表明：添加 10% 玉米粉、10% 麦麸、5% 糖蜜后，青贮莪术茎叶的感官品质(酸香味、质地及 pH 值)改善，总评分排序为：5% 糖蜜组＞10% 玉米粉组＞10% 麦麸组 ＞对照组；粗脂肪(EE)和无氮浸出物(NFE)的含量显著提高(P＜0. 05)，其中 5% 糖蜜组最好，10% 玉米粉组和 10% 麦麸组次之，对照组最差；酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和单宁(TT)含量均显著降低(P＜0. 05)，而酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量无显著变化，其中 10% 玉米粉组和 5% 糖蜜组的对降解粗纤维效果较好，10% 麦麸组次之，对照组最差。综合分析可知，添加 10% 玉米粉和 5% 糖蜜对提高莪术茎叶青贮品质和营养成分的效果最佳，其次是 10% 麦麸，无添加的效果最差。

Abstract:

In order to select the best additives and proportion for C. phaeocaulis stem and leaf silage，the silage quality of C. phaeocaulis stem and leaf under different additives was studied. In the experiment，the fresh stems and leaves of C. phaeocaulis(water content 63. 46%)were treated by hoing for a short period，and then were randomly divided into 4 groups. In each group no additives，10%(percentages were the proportions of fresh samples，the same below)corn flour，10% wheat bran and 5% molasses were added to silage respectively. After 50 days，the sensory quality and nutritional components of stems and leaves of C. phaeocaulis were determined. The results showed that the sensory quality(acid aroma，texture and pH value)of silage of 10% corn flour and 10% wheat bran and 5% mo- lasses group was improved significantly. And the order of total score was as follows：5% molasses group ＞10% corn meal group ＞10% wheat bran group ＞ control group. The contents of ether extract(EE)and nitrogen free ex- tract(NFE)were significantly increased(P＜0. 05)，and 5% molasses group was the best，followed by 10% corn meal group and 10% wheat bran group，and the control group was the worst. The contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF)，neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and tannin(T)were significantly decreased(P＜0. 05)，while the content of acid detergent lignin(ADL)had no significant change. The 10% corn meal and 5% molasses groups had better degradation effect on crude fiber，followed by 10% wheat bran group and the control group. Comprehensive analysis showed that adding 10% corn meal and 5% molasses had the best effect on improving the quality and nutritional com- position of stem and leaf silage C. phaeocaulis，followed by 10% wheat bran，and no addition had the worst effect.