川西北草原鼠荒地治理技术研究

Techniques for vegetation restoration of rodent dam⁃ aged grassland in northwestern Sichuan Provience

摘要:

对四川省阿坝州若尔盖县鼠荒地采取“害鼠控制+围栏封育+禁牧+整地施肥+草种补播” 的综合治理措施，并于治理前(2017 年)和治理后(2018—2020 年)，采用堵洞开洞法调查高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae)有效洞口数量，利用植物群落调查法调查植物群落结构和植物物种多样性，分析治理后高原鼠兔相对种群密度、植物群落结构和植物物种多样性的变化。结果显示：治理后第 1 年、第 2 年和第 3 年 ，高原鼠兔有效洞口数分别减少了 90. 4%、90. 6% 和 64. 7%；植物种类分别增加了 60. 0%、40. 0% 和 35. 0%；植被平均高度分别增加了 437. 3%、441. 0% 和 442. 2%；植被盖度增幅分别为 153. 6%、152. 0% 和 140. 8%；平均鲜草产量分别达到 15 862. 5、15 007. 5 和 12 547. 5 kg/hm2 ，比治理前分别增加了 272. 2%、252. 0% 和 194. 3%；丰富度指数 、Shannon ‐Wiener 指数 、Simpson 指数和 Pielou 指数在治理 1 年后分别增加了 60. 0%、26. 0%、11. 6% 和 8. 9%，治理 2 年后分别增加了 40. 0%、 27. 6%、13. 3% 和 14. 7%，治理 3 年后分别增加了 35. 0%、27. 9%、13. 6% 和 16. 3%。该综合治理措施有效地提高了试验区植被的高度、盖度和地上生物量，增加了物种丰富度和多样性指，改变了植物群落结构，降低了高原鼠兔种群密度。

Abstract:

For the restoration of severely rodent damaged grassland in Ruoergai County，Aba Prefecture，Sichuan Province，a comprehensive control measurement of " rodent control+grazing exclusion + grazing prohibited + soil preparation and fertilization+reseed of grass seed" were adopted. From 2017 to 2020，the number of effective open‐ ings in the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) was investigated by plugging holes and opening holes. The plant com‐ munity structure and plant species diversity were investigated by using the plant community survey method. The changes of relative population density，plant community structure and plant species diversity were analyzed after treat‐ ment. Results of the 3 year experiments showed that：1) The effective hole number of plateau pika decreased by 90. 4%，90. 6% and 64. 7%，respectively；2) The plant species increased by 60. 0%，40. 0% and 35. 0%，respec‐ tively；3) The average height of vegetation increased by 437. 3%，441. 0% and 442. 2%，respectively；4) The vegeta‐ tion coverage increased by 153. 6%，152. 0% and 140. 8%，respectively；5) The yield of fresh grass reached 15 862. 5 kg/hm2 ，15 007. 5 kg/hm2 and 12 547. 5 kg/hm2 ，which increased by 272. 2%，252. 0% and 194. 3%，respec‐ tively；6) The richness index，Shannon‐Wiener index，Simpson index and Pielou index increased by 60. 0%，26. 0%， 11. 6% and 8. 9%，respectively after the first years of the comprehensive measurement，these increased by 40. 0%， 27. 6%，13. 3% and 14. 7% after the second year，and these increased by 35. 0%，27. 9%，13. 6% and 16. 3%，re‐ spectively after three years.