狼毒型退化草地质量提升综合改良技术研究

The integrated technology for grassland quality pro⁃ motion and nutrient functional optimization in Stellera-dominate degraded grassland

摘要:

针对高寒草地狼毒大面积发生及防除后草地生产力和优良牧草短期难以恢复的现状，本研究通过比较狼毒防除、围栏封育、添加氮素等草地生态恢复途径对“狼毒型”退化草地恢复过程中的生产力与群落特征等的影响，测评不同技术组合模式对“狼毒型”退化草地牧草品质和营养功能的提升力度。结果表明：禁牧+防除+施肥耦合措施实施 2 年后，草地牧草总产量、禾本科植物生物量和植物粗蛋白含量，相比对照分别提高 23. 52%、46. 81% 和 19. 80%，并且土壤全钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾含量均有显著提高。同时，牧草中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著低于对照，相比其他措施效果最优。因此，将禁牧+防除+施肥措施进行耦合是狼毒型退化草地牧草品质提升及营养功能优化的最佳集成模式。

Abstract:

This research focused on the widely occurrence of Stellera chamaejasme in alpine grassland with the aims to restore the degraded grassland production and forage quality caused by the damage from S. chamaejasme. This study examined these various combinations of control methods，including Stellera control+fencing，Stellera con‐ trol+nitrogen addition，fencing+nitrogen addition and Stellera control+fencing+nitrogen addition and evaluated the promotion level of these patterns on the production，forage quality and nutrient function of Stellera-dominate de‐ graded grassland. The results were as follows：after two years of the integration of various restoration measures，the total production of grassland，biomass of Gramineae，crude protein content of forage increased by 23. 52%，46. 81% and 19. 80%，respectively，in Stellera control+fencing + nitrogen addition treatment compared to CK. Soil total po‐ tassium，ammonium nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen and available potassium contents were significantly improved and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly lower than those of CK. In conclusion， Stellera control+fencing+nitrogen addition was the best integrated measure for the improvement of forage quality and optimization of nutritional function in Stellera‐dominate degraded grassland. These results contribute to the long‐ term sustainable use for the restoration of Stellera‐dominate degraded grassland. These would also offer technological support and demonstration model for ecology protection and restoration of toxic weed dominated grassland.