甘肃道地药材当归早薹率现状和影响经济效益构成因素分析

Analytic research on current situation of early bolting rate and component factors of economic benefits of Gansu Province genuine medicinal herbs Angelica sinensis

摘要:

为了探明当归早薹开花的原因，掌握该药材种植过程中影响经济效益的构成因素。对甘肃省当归主产区的 30 个不同种植区域的种植密度、早薹率和种植模式等进行调查，并对经济效益及其构成因素进行分析。结果表明：当归平均每穴种植株数、种植密度和早薹率分别为 1. 9 株/穴、20. 0 株/ m² 和 51. 6%。影响当归经济效益的主要构成因素包括种植密度、早薹率和成药根收入，其中种植密度和抽薹率呈正相关，但未达到显著水平，与成药根收入呈显著正相关，而抽薹率与成药根收入呈显著负相关(P＜0. 01)。基于种苗成本和火药籽苗充斥市场等因素，目前，当归种植模式主要有 4 种：购买种苗(Ⅰ)、密植拔株法(自留火药籽育苗，Ⅱ)、优苗防抽薹法(自留正常种子育苗，Ⅲ)和大面积留正常种子销售(Ⅳ)，其经济效益分别为 25 830、38 259、62 430、6 977 元/hm² 。Ⅱ模式有较高的早薹率，使得其经济效益显著低于Ⅲ模式。提高种植密度可实现一定的经济效益，但导致利用火药籽育苗恶性循环。 建议利用优苗防抽薹法，结合合理密植以获得最大的经济效益。

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to to find out the basic reason of early bolting and flowering (EBF) that has not been effectively resolved in recent years，and to learn the component factors of economic benefits during the culti‐ vation of Angelica sinensis. The planting density (PD)，early bolting rate (EBR) and cultivation model (CM) of 30 different planting areas in the main producing areas of A. sinensis in Gansu Province were investigated，and the eco‐ nomic benefits and their component factors were analyzed. The results showed that the planting number，PD and EBR reached 1. 9 plants/hole，20. 0 plants/m² and 51. 6%，respectively. The main components of economic benefits of A. sinensis included PD [or seedlings cost (SC)]，EBR and medicinal root income (MRI). There was a positive correlation of PD with EBR (no significance) and MRI (significance，P＜0. 01)，but a significant negative correlation of EBR with MRI. Based on the cost of seedlings and the fact that seedlings raised from two ‐ year‐ old seeds were flooding the market，at present，there were four main planting modes of A. sinensis： purchase seedlings (Ⅰ)，method of closing planting and uprooting EBF plants (self‐raising seedlings of two‐year‐old seeds，Ⅱ)，method of selecting excellent seedlings to avoid EBF (self‐raising seedlings of three ‐year‐old seeds，Ⅲ)，and large scale seed‐selling of three‐year‐old seeds (Ⅳ). The economic benefits of the four modes were 25 830，38 259，62 430 and 6 977 ￥/hm² ， respectively. Due to higher EBR for model Ⅱ，its economic benefits was significantly lower than that of the model Ⅲ. In conclusin，model Ⅱcan bring economic benefits to some extent by the method of closing planting which leads to a vicious circle for raising seedlings of two‐year‐old seeds. This may be one of the main reasons why the EBF has not been solved in recent years. These findings suggest that maximum economic benefits can be obtained by combining the methods of excellent seedlings and reasonable closing planting.