The application of chemical fertilizer is a typical measure of circular agriculture，which can purify the environment，ensure food safety and strengthen the sustainable use of soil. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the application of chemical fertilizer on the stability of soil aggregates and soil fertility by a meta‐analysis. A total of 128 case‐controlled studies from 47 papers were included through screening，and a total of 128 soil datas of in‐ organic fertiliser group and 128 soil data of control group (CK) were collected. Meta‐analysis results showed that the application of chemical fertilizer significantly affected the mean weight diameter (MWD)(P＜0. 05)，increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) content (P＜0. 05) and significantly increased the soil total nitrogen (STN) content (P＜ 0. 05). Funnel plot analysis showed that there was only a small amount of publication bias in the study. And sensitiv‐ ity analysis showed that the analysis was stable and reliable. In conclusion，the application of chemical fertilizer could significantly affect the stability of soil aggregates，and had a potential positive effect on improving soil fertility. This meta‐analysis provided a scientific basis for research on rational utilization of agricultural fertilizers and optimization of soil structure in China.