甘南黄河水源补给区土地利用及其生态服务价值时空分异研究

Spatio-temporal differentiation investigation of land use and ecological service value in the water supply area of the Yellow River in Gannan

摘要:

土地利用结构变化对区域生态系统服务价值的时空变化和可持续发展有着深远的意义。基于甘南黄河水源补给区 1980-2017 年的土地利用结构数据，运用土地利用动态度和修正的生态系统服务价值当量因子法，研究了甘南黄河水源补给区生态系统服务价值及其时空变化。结果表明：草地以 183. 18 亿元的生态服务价值成为最大的土地利用类型，其次是林地、湿地、耕地，且 37 年间 4 种土地利用类型仅林地的生态系统服务价值增加了 29. 46 亿元，其他均不同程度下降；甘南黄河水源补给区生态系统服务总价值由 1980 年的 328. 50 亿元上升至 2017 年的 329. 63 亿元，基本维持平稳状态，期间经历“下降—增长”的双时段波动。不同类型生态系统服务功能价值呈现波动变化特征，其中，调节功能价值最大，达 211. 86 亿元，支持功能 77. 82 亿元，供给功能 21. 39 亿元，文化服务 18. 56 亿元；生态系统服务价值区域差异显著，玛曲县以 113. 55 亿元的生态服务价值高居首位，夏河县位居第二，临潭县生态服务价值最低，仅为 10. 26 亿元。各区域的调节功能价值均最大，玛曲县以 79. 77 亿元的价值承担了研究区重要的生态调节功能；贯彻落实森林保护工程和草原生态补偿机制，拓宽研究区居民生计，减少对当地生态的依赖，进行区域统筹与联防联控，传承弘扬黄河文化，可更好地服务于当地的经济发展。

Abstract:

The change of land use structure is of profound significance to the spatio-temporal change and sus- tainable development of regional ecosystem service value. Based on the data of land use structure in the water supply area of the Yellow River in Gannan from 1980 to 2017，the dynamic attitude of land use and the modified equivalent factor method of ecosystem service value were used to analyze the ecosystem service value and its temporal and spa- tial changes. The results showed that grassland became the largest land use type with the ecological service value of ￥ 183. 18×10⁸ ，followed by woodland，wetland and cultivated land. In 37 years，the ecosystem service value of woodland only increased by ￥ 29. 46×10⁸ ，while the others all decreased to different degrees. The total value of eco- system services in the water supply area of the Yellow River in Gannan increased from 328. 50×10⁸ yuan in 1980 to 329. 63×10⁸ yuan in 2017，basically maintaining a stable state and experiencing a two -period fluctuation of "decline and growth" during the period. The value of different ecosystem service functions fluctuated，among which，the value of regulation function was up to 211. 86×10⁸ yuan，support function 77. 82×10⁸ yuan，supply function 21. 39×10⁸ yuan，and cultural service 18. 56×10⁸ yuan. The regional difference of ecosystem service value was significant. Maqu county ranked first with 113. 55×10⁸ yuan of ecological service value，Xiahe County ranked second and Lintan County had the lowest ecological service value，which was only 10. 26×10⁸ yuan. The adjustment function value of each region is the highest. Maqu County assumes the important ecological adjustment function of the study area with the value of 79. 77×10⁸ yuan. It is of great significance to implement forest protection projects and grassland ecologi- cal compensation mechanisms，broaden the livelihoods of residents in the study area，reduce dependence on local ecol- ogy，coordinate regional planning and joint prevention and control，inherit and promote the Yellow River culture，so as to better build local development.