不同基质配比对紫花苜蓿组培苗移栽效果的影响

Effects of different proportions in mixed substrates on transplantation of alfalfa tissue culture seedlings

摘要:

【目的】探讨不同栽培基质对紫花苜蓿组培苗存活率和生长的影响。【方法】以紫花苜蓿品种龙牧 806 组培苗为材料，采用园土、草炭土、珍珠岩和蛭石为基质，按照体积比配成 9 组混合基质(T1- T9)，测定不同栽培基质理化性质和氮磷钾含量，综合分析不同栽培基质对组培苗生长的影响。【结果】 9 组混合基质在容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、电导率和 pH 方面，T2 为最符合理想栽培基质的要求，全氮和全钾含量最高，全磷含量仅略低于最高组 T3；不同栽培基质对紫花苜蓿组培苗的存活率、地上和地下生长产生不同的影响，T2 的组培苗存活率最高，为 71. 93%，4 种基质中园土、草炭土、 蛭石对存活率影响达到极显著水平(P＜0. 01)，对组培苗地上和地下生长影响的主要因素为园土(P＜ 0. 01)。【结论】隶属函数法对紫花苜蓿组培苗 9 项指标的综合评价，T2 即 V _园土∶V _草炭土∶V _珍珠岩∶V _蛭石=1∶ 2∶2∶2 配制最适合紫花苜蓿生长。研究可为紫花苜蓿组培苗繁育技术体系的建立提供依据。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to understand the effects of different cultivation substrates on the survival rate and growth of alfalfa tissue culture seedlings.【Method】 The tissue culture seedlings of alfalfa 'Longmu 806' were used as the experimental material. Nine groups of mixed substrates (T1 to T9) were prepared according to the vol‐ ume ratios using garden soil， grass charcoal soil，perlite and vermiculite as substrates. The physical and chemical properties， and the nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium content of the substrates were measured. The effects of the substrate formulations on the growth of the seedlings were analyzed comprehensively.【Result】 The results showed that T2 was the most suitable substrate in terms of bulk density， total porosity， aeration porosity， water-holding po‐ rosity， conductivity and pH. T2 had the highest total nitrogen and potassium content， while the total phosphorus con‐ tent was only slightly lower than that of the highest group T3. Different cultivation substrates varied on their effects on the survival rate， aboveground and underground growth of alfalfa tissue culture seedlings with the highest survival rate of 71. 93% for T2. Among the four substrates， garden soil， peat soil and vermiculite had very significant effects on the survival rate (P＜0. 01).【Conclusion】 Garden soil was the main factor affecting the aboveground and under‐ ground growth of alfalfa tissue culture seedlings in the four substrates (P＜0. 01). According to the comprehensive evaluation of 9 growth indexes of alfalfa tissue culture seedlings by membership function method，T2，Vnamely gar‐ den soil∶Vpeat soil∶Vperlite∶Vvermiculite=1∶2∶2∶2，is the most suitable for the growth of alfalfa tissue culture seed‐ lings. This study provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of an alfalfa breeding technology using tissue cul‐ ture seedling system .