坡度和采挖强度对玉树冬虫夏草幼虫数量和采挖数量的影响

Effects of slope and mining intensity on the larval quantity and mining quantity of Cordyceps sinensisin Yushu

摘要:

【目的】研究人工采挖和自然坡度对冬虫夏草数量的影响。【方法】通过对不同采挖强度 S₁ (2 人/hm² )、S₂ (4 人/hm² )和 S₃ (6 人/hm² )和产区自然坡度(G₁，7°；G2，17°；G3，25°)下冬虫夏草幼虫数量和采挖数量进行调查，分析采挖强度和产区坡度对幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖量的影响。【结果】采挖强度和坡度与幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均呈显著负相关关系(P＜0. 05)；采挖强度和幼虫数量相关度高(r ² =-0. 45，r ² =-0. 58)，坡度和冬虫夏草采挖数量相关度高(r ² =-0. 74，r ² =-0. 78)，采挖强度和坡度互作对幼虫数量和采挖数量影响不显著(P＞0. 05)。不同采挖强度下，幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均为 CK=S₁＞S₂＞S₃( P＜0. 05)；不同坡度下，幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均为 CK=G₁＞G₂＞ G₃( P＜0. 05)；且在各个采挖强度下，随坡度的增加，幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均呈显著降低趋势 (P＜0. 05)。 此外 ，冬虫夏草采挖数量显著地受蝙蝠蛾幼虫数量的影响且呈正相关(P＜0. 05)。 【结论】 S₁采挖强度、G₁小坡度适合幼虫数量的增长和冬虫夏草的采挖数量，且不影响翌年冬虫夏草的产量。然而，采挖活动有可能对草地的土壤、幼虫喜食性牧草、冬虫夏草真菌孢子的弹射等产生综合影响，土壤的理化性质会影响蝠蛾寄主幼虫的存活状态，冬虫夏草菌孢子的弹射量也会影响冬虫夏草的形成。

Abstract:

【Objective】Cordyceps sinensisis is a rare and rare Chinese traditional medicine resource in QinghaiTibet Plateau. This paper aims to study the impact of manual excavation intensity and natural slope on the quantity of Cordyceps sinensis.【Method】 Different mining intensities S₁( 2 people /hm² )，S₂( 4 people /hm² ) and S₃( 6 people / hm² ) and natural slope of producing area (G₁，7°； G2，17 °； G3，25°) were investigated in order to analyze the number of caterpillar larvae and excavated quantity of Cordyceps sinensis. The effects of excavated intensity and slope of pro‐ ducing area on the number of caterpillar larvae and excavated quantity of Cordyceps sinensis were also studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the mining intensity and slope were significantly negatively correlated with the num ‐ ber of larvae and the number of Cordyceps sinensis (P＜0. 05). The mining intensity had a higher correlation with the number of larvae (R² =-0. 45，R² =-0. 58)，and the slope had a higher correlation with the number of larvae (R₂ = -0. 74，R2 =-0. 78). The interaction of mining intensity and slope had no significant effect on the number of larvae and the number of larvae (P＞0. 05). Under different harvesting intensities，the larval number and the harvesting number of Cordyceps sinensis were CK=S₁＞S₂＞S₃ (P＜0. 05). Under different slopes，the larval number and the collected number of Cordyceps sinensis were CK=G₁＞G₂＞G₃( P＜0. 05). In addition，the number of larvae and the number of Cordyceps sinensis were significantly decreased with the slope increasing (P＜0. 05) under each mining in‐ tensity. In addition，the number of Cordyceps sinensis collected was significantly affected by the number of bat moth larvae and was positively correlated (P＜0. 05).【Conclusion】 In conclusin，S1 mining intensity and G1 small slope are more suitable for the increase of larval number and the number of Cordyceps sinensis collected，and do not affect the next year's Cordyceps sinensis yield. However，mining activities may have a comprehensive impact on the soil of the grassland，the larval feeding herbage，and the ejection of cordyceps fungus spores，among which the physical and chemical properties of the soil itself will also affect the survival state of the host larvae of batmoth，and the ejection amount of cordyceps spores will also affect the formation of cordyceps sinensis，but the detailed mechanism needs to be further studied.