播期和施肥量对陇东地区2种饲用燕麦生产性能和营养品质的影响

Effects of sowing date and fertilizer amount on pro⁃ duction performance and nutritional quality of two forage oats in Longdong Area

摘要:

【目的】探讨陇东地区播期和施肥量对饲用燕麦生产性能和营养品质的影响。【方法】选择早熟燕麦品种边锋和中熟品种梦龙为材料，设早播(4 月 8 日)、中播(4 月 18 日)和晚播(4 月 28 日)3 个播期，低施肥量(N 45. 75 kg/hm² +P₂O₅ 31. 50 kg/hm² )、中施肥量(N 91. 50 kg/hm² +P₂O₅ 63. 00 kg/hm² ) 和高施肥量(N 137. 25 kg/hm² +P₂O₅ 94. 50 kg/hm² )3 个施肥量，研究不同播期和施肥量下燕麦草产量及营养品质的变化。【结果】1)2 个品种的株高、穗长、小穗数和草产量都随着播期推迟逐渐降低。2)2 个品种的粗蛋白含量随着播期推迟和施肥量增加逐渐增加，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量则逐渐降低。3)在播期和施肥量交互作用下，边锋以早播低施肥量的干草产量最高(6 500 kg/hm² )，梦龙以早播高施肥量的干草产量最高(6 506. 7 kg/hm² )。【结论】在陇东地区以收获饲草为目的的燕麦生产上， 不同熟性的品种都以 4 月上旬播种为宜 ，其中 ，早熟品种边锋施肥量以 N 45. 75 kg/hm² 、P₂O₅ 31. 50 kg/hm² 较好，中熟品种梦龙以 N 137. 25 kg/hm² 、P₂O₅ 94. 50 kg/hm² 较好。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study is to explore the effects of sowing date and fertilization amount on the produc‐ tion performance and nutritional quality of forage oats in Longdong area.【Method】 Early‐maturing oat Bianfeng and middle‐maturing oat Menglong were selected as materials，and the changes of yield and nutritional quality of oat grass under different sowing dates and fertilization rates were studied. Experiment included three sowing dates (early：April 8；middle：April 18；late：April 28) and three fertilizer amounts (Low：N 45. 75 kg/hm² +P₂O₅ 31. 50 kg/hm² ；me‐ dium：N 91. 50 kg/hm² +P₂O₅ 63. 00 kg/hm² ；high：N 137. 25 kg/hm² +P₂O₅ 94. 50 kg/hm² ).【Result】1)The plant height，spike length，spikelet number and yield of the two varieties gradually decreased with the delay of sowing date. 2)The crude protein content of the two varieties gradually increased with the delay of sowing date and the in‐ crease of fertilizer amount，while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber gradually de‐ creased. 3)Under the interaction of sowing date and fertilizer amount，Bianfeng had the highest hay yield (6 500 kg/hm² ) with early sowing date and low fertilizer amount，and Menglong had the highest hay yield (6 506. 7 kg/hm² ) with early sowing date and high fertilizer amount.【Conclusion】 In the production of oats for the purpose of harvesting forage grass in Longdong area，it was appropriate to sow in early April for different varieties with different maturity. N 45. 75 kg/hm2 and P2O5 31. 50 kg/hm2 were the best fertilizer amount for early ‐ maturing oat Bianfeng，while N 137. 25 kg/hm² and P₂O₅ 94. 50 kg/hm² were the best fertilizer amount for middle‐maturing oat Menglong.