有机肥施用量和播种方式对高寒矿区植物群落生长和土壤养分的影响

Effects of application amount of organic fertilizer and sowing methods on plant community growth and soil nutrients in alpine mining areas

摘要:

【目的】探究适宜的高寒矿区生态恢复措施。【方法】通过有机肥改良土壤的方法在青海木里矿区设置双因素完全随机区组试验，探究不同有机肥施用量（低、中、高）和 3 种播种方式（条播、穴播、 撒播）对高寒矿区植物群落的生长特征和土壤养分的影响 ，并对其投入和产出进行综合评价 。 【结果】1）低有机肥施用量与撒播相结合（Y1F3）的方式，其植物群落高度、盖度和地上生物量均最优； 2）高有机肥施用量与撒播相结合（Y3F3）的方式，其土壤营养成分整体较佳；3）基于主成分分析，高有机肥施用量（羊板粪 33 m3/667 m2 +商品有机肥 1. 5 t/667 m² ）+微播处理的土壤养分和植物生长综合效果最好，但成本高；（4）基于熵权 TOPSIS 法得出低有机肥施用量（羊板粪 11 m3/667 m2 +商品有机肥 0. 5 t/667 m² ）+撒播处理最接近最优方案，指标相对接近度为 0. 704，其投入产出效率最高。【结论】 从投入和产出的综合角度看，低有机肥施用量+撒播的经济效益最好，同时对植物群落生长、土壤改良效果较好。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of the study is to explore suitable ecological restoration measures in alpine min‐ ing areas.【Method】 Through the method of replacing soil with sheep board manure and improving soil with organic fertilizer，a two factor complete randomized block experiment was set up in Muli mining area，Qinghai Province，to ex‐ plore the effects of different organic fertilizer application rates (low，medium and high) and three sowing methods (sowing in line，hole sowing and sow broadcast) on the growth characteristics of plant communities and soil nutrients in alpine mining areas，and to comprehensively evaluate their input and output.【Result】1) The height，coverage and aboveground biomass of plant community were the best in the way of combining low organic fertilizer amount with broadcast sowing (Y1F3). 2)Under the combination of high organic fertilizer and broadcast sowing (Y3F3)，the overall soil nutrient composition was good. 3)Based on principal component analysis，high organic fertilizer and broad‐ cast sowingY3F3(sheep board dungis 33 m3/667 m² +commercial organic fertilizer 1. 5 t/667 m² ) had the best com‐ prehensive effect on soil nutrients and plant growth，but the cost was high. 4) Based on the entropy weight TOPSIS method，it was concluded that the low organic fertilizer application amount (sheep manure 11 m3/667 m² +commer‐ cial organic fertilizer 0. 5 t/667 m² ) with broadcast treatment was the closest to the optimal scheme，and the relative proximity of the index was 0. 704. Its input‐output efficiency was the highest.【Conclusion】 Therefore，from the com‐ prehensive perspective of input and output，low application amount of organic fertilizer with broadcast sowing had the best economic benefit，and had a good effect on plant community growth and soil improvement. The results of this study could provide a reference basis for soil improvement and vegetation restoration in Alpine mining areas.