甘南草原生态保护补奖政策实施效果分析

Analysis of the effect of implementing Gannan's bonus policy for natural grassland ecological protection

摘要:

【目的】草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源，在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。分析草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策，对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。【方法】以甘肃省甘南州为例，通过多年统计数据、查阅年鉴和实地调查等方式获得相关资料，对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行分析，从补奖政策草原生产力、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析政策实施前后变化情况。【结果】1)两轮补奖政策实施后，甘南州平均鲜草产量达到 6 534. 00 kg/hm² ， 其中，第 1 轮补奖政策后较补奖前增加 17. 61%，第 2 轮较第 1 轮增加 16. 28%；2)甘南州畜牧业总产值明显增加，第 1 轮补奖政策后理论载畜量较补奖前提高 30. 45%，第 2 轮较第 1 轮增加 9. 32%；3)两轮补奖后甘南州城乡居民人民币储蓄存款第 1 轮较补奖前增加 135. 36%，第 2 轮较第 1 轮增加 33. 76%。 【结论】依据补奖政策实施过程中存在的问题，提出对策建议：提高禁牧补助和草畜平衡奖励标准、加大草原监管执法工作扶持力度、按照草原退化程度由县(市)政府确定草原禁牧区域和合理禁牧年限。

Abstract:

Grassland is an essential ecological asset and a productive resource，which means that it has an impor‐ tant strategic position in China’s social and economic development. Implementation of the compensation for grassland policy is an important measure that helps to accelerate the construction of ecological civilization. In addition，the policy is of great significance to the sustainable development of the ecological environment and poverty reduction in pastoral regions. This study investigated the two rounds of compensation policy by analyzing the statistical data over the years， consulting the almanac，and field study. The changes in livestock carrying capacity and the grassland productivity，eco‐ nomic，and social benefits of different grassland types before and after implementing the policy were analyzed. The re‐ sults showed that 1) The average fresh grass yield in Gannan Prefecture reached 6 534. 00 kg/hm² after the imple‐ mentation of the two rounds of policy，which increased by 17. 61% after the first round of policy，and 16. 28% in the second round compared with the first round；2) The total output value of livestock industry in Gannan Prefecture in‐ creased significantly，and the theoretical livestock carrying capacity increased by 30. 45% after the first round of policy and 9. 32% in the second round compared with the first round；3) The amount of RMB deposition for urban and rural residents in Gannan Prefecture increased by 135. 36% in the first round and by 33. 76% in the second round compared with the first round. Based on the problems in the implementation of the compensation for grassland policy， the countermeasure suggestions were put forward including improving the standard of grazing ban subsidy and grass ‐ livestock balance reward，increasing the support for grassland supervision and law enforcement，and determining the grassland ban area and reasonable ban years by the county (city) government according to the degree of grassland degradation.