祁连山区轮作对燕麦土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响

Effects of crop rotation on soil enzyme activities and microorganisms of oat in Qilian Mountain area

摘要:

【目的】通过燕麦与油菜、箭筈豌豆、青稞、大麦等作物轮作，研究该种植模式对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量的影响。【方法】在山丹马场连续 3 年种植燕麦的地块上，设 6 个处理，分别种植箭筈豌豆、燕麦+箭筈豌豆、油菜、青稞、大麦、燕麦，研究不同处理下土壤酶活性及微生物数量的变化情况。 【结果】土壤酶活性随土层加深而逐渐下降，轮作较连作显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性；燕麦与豆科轮作的土壤酶活性明显高于它与禾本科轮作，其中以燕麦-箭筈豌豆轮作效果最显著，开花期 0~20 cm 土层土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性较连作分别增加了 55. 92%、 20. 36% 和 51. 47%。轮作也显著增加了土壤微生物数量，其中燕麦→箭筈豌豆处理下增幅最大，0~ 10、10~20 和 20~30cm 土层土壤细菌数量较连作分别增加了 23. 34%、16. 51% 和 38. 92%（P＜0. 05）； 真菌数量分别增加了 110%、135. 29% 和 150%；放线菌数量分别增加 112. 65%、107. 41% 和 175. 38%。【结论】燕麦与豆科轮作对土壤酶活性和微生物数量的提高幅度显著大于它与禾本科轮作。 在祁连山区燕麦生产中，燕麦与箭筈豌豆轮作有望修复连作障碍，改善土壤环境。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Through the rotation of oats with rapeseed，Vicia sativa，highland barley and barley，the effects on soil enzyme activity and soil microbial quantity were studied.【Method】 Therefore，a rotational cropping ex- periment was conducted in the field planting oat for 3 years in Shandan Army Horse Farm. Common vetch，oat+ common vetch，rape，nakedbarley，barley and oat were planted respectively.【Result】 The results showed that soil en- zyme activity declined with the increasing soil depth. Crop rotation significantly increased soil catalase，invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities compared with continuous cropping. The enzyme activity of oat-legume rotation was much higher than that of oat-grass，among which，oat-common vetch rotation had the most significant effect. At flow- ering stage，the activities of catalase，invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the 0~20 cm soil layer increased 55. 92%， 20. 36% and 51. 47%，respectively. Cropping rotation also significantly increased the number of soil microorganisms. The treatment of oat-common vetch gave the greatest increment，the number of soil bacteria in 0~10 cm，10~20 cm and 20~30 cm soil layers increased 23. 34%，16. 51% and 38. 92%，respectively，compared with continuous crop- ping （P＜0. 05）. The number of fungi increased 110%，135. 29%，and 150%，and the number of actinomycetes in- creased 112. 65%，107. 41%，and 175. 38%，respectively.【Conclusion】 The rotation of oat-legume increased soil en- zyme activity and number of microorganisms significantly more than that of oat-grass. In the production of oat in Qil- ian Mountains，the rotation of oat-common vetch is expected to repair continuous cropping obstacles and improve the soil environment.