青藏高原草地植物花期物候的变化及其对水热的响应研究进展

Research advances in flowering phenology for grass⁃ land on the Tibet Plateau and responses to hydrothermal changes

摘要:

青藏高原的草地植物开花是植物繁殖过程中的一个重要环节，它通过作用于传粉、种子扩散以及种子萌发和幼苗定居而影响植物个体的适合度，所以植物的花期物候是生态系统重要的指示器， 而温度和水分则是影响花期物候的重要因素，明晰水热变化对青藏高原草地植物花期物候的影响机理，有助于理解生物在复杂的气候和环境条件下的适应和扩散机制，对于探求植被对全球气候变化的响应规律有重要的实践意义。本文概述了青藏高原草地植物花期物候的近期研究趋势、研究内容和研究进展，内容主要包括：（1）花期物候观测；（2）花期物候变化；（3）花期物候对水热变化的响应；（4）花期物候变化的相关机制解释。此外，本文也对现有研究成果进行了评述，探讨了不同研究成果存在的主要问题，最后提出了未来青藏高原草地植物花期物候研究的发展方向。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The grassland ecosystem of the Qinghai ‐ Tibet Plateau （QTP） plays a very important role in the process of global change. Flowering is an indispensable part of plant reproduction. It affects the fitness of in‐ dividual plants by acting on pollination，seed dispersal，seed germination and seedling settlement. Therefore，the flow‐ ering phenology of plants is an important indicator of the ecosystem，While temperature and moisture are important factors affecting flowering phenology. Clarifying the impact mechanism of hydrothermal change on the flowering phe‐ nology of grassland plants on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is helpful to understand the adaptation and diffusion mecha‐ nism of organisms under complex climatic and environmental conditions，as well as has important practical signifi‐ cance for the response mechanism to climate change for plants.【Method】 This paper summarized the recent research trends，contents and progress of flowering phenology for grassland plants on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau，including： 【Result】（1） observation of flowering phenology；（2） changes in flowering phenology；（3） the response of flowering phenology to hydrothermal change （4） and explanation of related mechanisms of phenological changes for flowering. 【Conclusion】 In addition，we also discussed the main problems in current research and finally put forward the future development direction of the flowering phenology on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.