清水紫花苜蓿育性变异材料花形态特征与生理特性研究

Flower phenotypic and physiological characteristics of Qingshui alfalfa infertility variation material

摘要:

【目的】对清水紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa cv. Qingshui）育性变异材料进行花形态特征和生理特性研究，为培育不育系及苜蓿杂交制种提供支撑。【方法】6 个不同育性的株系 GN-A1、GN-A2、 GN-A3、GN-A4、GN-A5 和 GN-A6 分别选取 1 个单株，盛花期采集花粉粒进行育性鉴定，并对花蕾和叶片的 SS、SP、Pro 含量、抗氧化物酶（CAT 、POD 和 SOD）活性及 MDA、叶绿素含量进行测定。【结果】 GN-A1、GN-A2、GN-A3 和 GN-A6 初步鉴定为不育株，GN-A4、GN-A5 为部分可育株；不育株单枝花蕾数、花柱长和花丝长显著低于可育株，而翼瓣长、龙骨瓣长和花萼长显著高于可育株。不育株花蕾和叶片的 SS 含量显著高于部分可育株和可育株，而不育株花蕾 SP、Pro 含量显著低于可育株；不育株花蕾的 SOD 活性显著高于可育株、部分可育株，而叶片 SOD 活性显著高于可育株；不育株、部分可育株花蕾的 CAT 活性显著低于可育株。染色率与 CAT 活性、SP、Pro 含量呈显著正相关，而与 SOD 活性、 SS 含量呈显著负相关。【结论】 CAT 活性、SP 含量、Pro 活性、SOD 活性、SS 含量与育性密切相关。不育株花器的 SP、Pro 含量和 CAT 活性出现不足，而其生理代谢反应在叶片中反应不明显。

Abstract:

【Objective】Phenotypic and physiological characteristics of Qingshui alfalfa in fertility variation material （Medicago sativa cv. Qingshui） were studied. The objective of this study was to breed male sterile material and support alfalfa hybrid seed production.【Method】 One single plant was selected from six strains of materials with different fertility （GN-A1、GN-A2、GN-A3、GN-A4、GN-A5 and GN-A6）. Polens were collected at the full flowering stage for I2-KI fertility staining，and SS，SP，Pro，CAT，POD，SOD，MDA，chlorophyll content determination of buds and leaves were measured.【Result】 GN-A1，GN-A2，GN-A3 and GN-A6 were identified as sterile by I2-KI staining. GN-A4 and GN-A5 were partially fertile. The number of buds per branch，style length and filaments length of sterile plants were significantly lower than those of fertile plants，while the Alae petals length，keel petals length and calyx length were significantly higher than those of fertile plants. The SS content，flower bud and leaf of male sterile plants were significantly higher than those of partially fertile and fertile plants. The contents of SP， Pro and bud of male sterile plants were significantly lower than those of fertile plants. With the SOD activity，male sterile plants was higher than that of fertile and partially fertile plants，and SOD activity in leaves of male sterile plants was higher than that of fertile plants. The CAT activity of flower buds of sterile and partially fertile plants was significantly lower than that of fertile plants. The correlation analysis of pollen activity and flower bud physiological indexes showed that the dyeing rate was significantly positively correlated with CAT，SP and Pro，but negatively correlated with SOD and SS.【Conclusion】 CAT，SP，Pro，SOD and SS were closely correlated with fertility. The SP content， Pro content and CAT activity of flower organs of sterile plants were insufficient，and the physiological metabolic reaction of sterile plants was not obvious in leaves.