藜麦地上部干物质积累特征及饲用品质分析

Analysis of dry matter accumulation and feeding quality of quinoa

摘要:

【目的】随着畜牧业的快速发展，对家畜饲料供应的需求不断增加。在西北干旱地区，迫切需要新的牧草作物提供新的饲料来源，而藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa）是一种极有潜力的新兴作物。 【方法】于 2015-2016 年在张掖市开展藜麦生长特性和最优饲用时期的研究，测量了藜麦不同生长阶段地上部干物质积累和分配动态、相对含水率动态、快速生长阶段的日株高增加量及饲用品质，分析了藜麦的生长动态特征，探索了藜麦最优的饲用时期。【结果】藜麦至显序期后，进入快速生长阶段，干物质积累迅速，株高日增长量最大，达 10 cm/d。随藜麦生长，茎所占的比例始终低于 50%，叶和花序在地上部占有重要的比例。使用 TOPSIS 方法，综合藜麦的干物质积累动态和饲用品质动态特征确定了最优的饲用时期为盛花期至灌浆期之间。同时，发现相比藜麦籽实，其加工后的麸皮具有更高的矿质元素。【结论】在试验地区，藜麦盛花期及灌浆期的地上部和加工后的麸皮是一种有潜力的饲料来源。

Abstract:

【Objective】 With the quick development of livestock husbandry，there is a rising need for forage sup- plies to feed domestic animals. New forage crops are required in the arid northwest to provide a new supply of nutri- tion，and quinoa is an emerging crop with enormous potential.【Method】 A study on the quinoa's dry matter accumula- tion and feeding quality was carried out between 2015 and 2016 in Zhangye city. The dynamics of dry matter accumu- lation and distribution，the dynamics of relative water content of shoot，the daily increase in plant height and forage quality at different growth stages of quinoa were measured to analyze the dry matter accumulation of quinoa and to ex- plore the suitable harvesting stage for quinoa.【Result】 The results showed that quinoa entered a rapid growth stage after the bud formation stage with a rapid accumulation of dry matter，and the daily increase of plant height could reach more than 10 cm/d. With the growth，the proportion of stem was always below 50%，and leaves and inflores- cences occupied an important proportion in the aboveground part. A comprehensive analysis of the dry matter accumu- lation and forage quality dynamics for quinoa was carried out with the TOPSIS method，and the analysis showed that the appropriate cutting stage was between flowering and filling. It was also found that the bran had a higher mineral content than seed.【Conclusion】 Therefore，in this region，the suitable above-ground part and processed bran of qui- noa could be a potential feed source.