不同采收时期对当归产量和质量的影响

Effects of different harvest periods on yield and qual⁃ ity of Angelica sinensis

摘要:

【目的】探寻有机肥栽培条件下采挖时期对当归（Angelica sinensis）成药性能的影响，确定岷归的最佳采收期。【方法】以岷县纯有机肥栽培的二年生成药期当归作为研究对象，在 2020 年 10 月 18 日开始，每隔 6~7 d 分期采挖当归，共采挖 3 次（18 日：FB；24 日：FD；31 日，FA），测定药材根的产量、发病程度、外观质量和主要成分。【结果】10 月 24 日采收的药材根外观质量最佳，且鲜药材商品等级大部分属于二等与三等，极少部分处于四五等，均优于其他采收时期；10 月 24 日采收的药材的发病率最低， 为 16. 7%，综合因子评价指数排序为 FD＞FB＞FA。【结论】在岷县道地产区合理的采收期采收对当归药材具有显著增效作用，可有效降低根病率和发病程度，改善药材性状，提高经济效益，在当归标准化栽培中可推荐推广应用。最佳采收期较短，在霜降前后 3 d 进行采收最为适宜。

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effect of digging time on the performance of Angelica sinensis under the condition of organic fertilizer cultivation，and determine the best harvesting time of Angelica sinensis.【Method】 The A. sinensis with two-year drug production period cultivated with pure organic fertilizer in Minxian county was taken as the research object. From October 18，2020，A. sinensis was excavated in stages every 6-7 days，with a total of 3 times （18th：FB，24th：FD，31th：FA） too determine the yield，disease degree，appearance quality and internal main components of medicinal roots.【Result】 The appearance quality of the medicinal roots collected on October 24 was the best，and most of the commodity grades of fresh medicinal materials belonged to the second and third grades，and a few were in the fourth and fifth grades，which are better than those in other harvest periods. The lowest incidence rate of medicinal materials collected in October 24th was 16. 7%. The order of comprehensive factor evaluation index was FD＞FB＞FA.【Conclusion】 A reasonable harvest time in the production area of Minxian county had a signifi- cant synergistic effect on A. sinensis. It can effectively reduce the incidence and degree of root disease，improve the properties of medicinal materials，improve economic benefits. It can be recommended to be popularized and applied in the standardized cultivation of A. sinensis. The best harvest time appears short，and the most suitable to harvest is within 3 days before and after frost.