不同间作方式对小黑麦+箭筈豌豆草地种间竞争格局和生产性能的影响

Effects of different intercropping patterns on inter⁃ specific competition pattern and production perfor⁃ mance of triticale and common vetch grassland

摘要:

【目的】探寻通过降低种间竞争作用强度达到提升禾豆间作草地生产性能的途径。【方法】以不同禾豆间作比例小黑麦（Triticale sp.）+箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa）草地为研究对象，于 2020 年在新疆昭苏盆地设置 4 种不同的间作方式（禾豆比分别为 1 行∶1 行；2 行∶1 行；3 行∶1 行；4 行∶1 行）的单因素田间试验，分析盛花期和成熟期 2 个时期禾豆间作草地种间竞争格局与生产性能的内在联系。【结果】（1）盛花期和成熟期禾豆比 4 行∶1 行具有较高的牧草产量，其牧草氮产量显著高于单作和其他禾豆比（P＜ 0. 05），具有较好的生产性能；各禾豆比的土地当量比均大于 1，均表现出间作优势。（2）盛花期和成熟期小黑麦的竞争率、侵占率和拥挤率随着禾豆比的增加呈现上升趋势，箭筈豌豆的竞争率、侵占率和拥挤率则呈现下降趋势；禾豆比 1 行∶1 行和 2 行∶1 行箭筈豌豆竞争力高于小黑麦，而其他禾豆比则是小黑麦占据优势。（3）以相对产量，盛花期时小黑麦和箭筈豌豆均受益，成熟期则是小黑麦占据优势；以相对氮产量，2 个时期禾豆牧草均受益。盛花期种间竞争格局对生产性能影响较小，但成熟期种间竞争格局强烈影响着生产性能。【结论】小黑麦+箭筈豌豆间作草地具有间作优势，在盛花期禾豆比 4 行∶1 行时利用具有较高的生产性能，可一定程度上避免种间竞争的负面影响。

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of the study is to explore the ways to improve the production performance of mixed grass-legume pastures by reducing the intensity of interspecific competition.【Method】Under the condition of different mixed ratios of triticale (Triticale sp) + common vetch (Vicia sativa)，the study was conducted in an experi- mental field at 2020 in Zhaosu，Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region，China.This grassland area was characterized by fertile soil and abundant rainfall.Four types of mixed grass to legume ratios were used，namely，grass : legume 1 row:1 row; 2 row:1 row; 3 row: 1 row and 4 row:1 row.The inherent relation between interspecific competition pat- terns and production performance was analyzed at flowering and maturity stages of grass-legume pastures.【Result】 (1) The mixed grass-legume pastures with 4 row:1 row ratio had higher forage yield than others at flowering and ma- turity stages.The nitrogen yield of triticale was significantly higher than that of single sowing and other treatments (P ＜0.05).The treatment of 4 row:1 row ratio had better production performance.The values of land equivalent ratios of all mixed grass-legume treatments were greater than 1，which showed the advantage of mixed sowing.(2) The com- petition rate，aggressivity and relative crowding coefficient of triticale increased with the increase of mixed grasslegume ratio at flowering and maturity stages. The competition rate，aggressivity and relative crowding of common vetch showed the decreased trend.The common vetch was more competitive than triticale at the ratios of 1 row:1 row and 2 row: 1 row.The triticale was more competitive than the common vetch at other ratios. (3) In terms of relative yield，the triticale and common vetch benefited at flowering stage.At maturity stage，the triticale dominated in mixed system.In terms of relative nitrogen yield，the two periods were both beneficial.The interspecific competition patterns had little effect on production performance at flowering stage.However，the interspecific competition pattern strongly affected production performance at maturity stage【. Conclusion】 Therefore，the triticale and common vetch mixed pas- tures had the mixture advantage.When the ratio of grass to legume was 4 row:1 row，the mixed pasture had the higher productive performance than other ratios and monoculture at flowering stage.The triticale + common vetch mixed at 4 row:1 row ratio can avoid the negative effects of interspecific competition to a certain extent.