20个小黑麦品系的芒性分析

Awn analysis of 20 triticale lines

摘要:

【目的】筛选无芒或短芒且综合性状较好的品系，为无芒小黑麦新品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以石大 1 号小黑麦为对照材料，研究供试小黑麦的穗及其芒等性状，采用灰色关联度法对参试材料小黑麦进行综合评价。【结果】20 个小黑麦品系顶芒、侧芒、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重均存在极显著差异。顶芒最短的为 L6（4. 15 mm），侧芒最短的为 L9（4. 37 mm），穗长、小穗数与穗粒重最大的均为 L14，其值分别为 17. 40 cm、38. 20 个、3. 67g，穗粒数最多的为 L5，其值为 67. 00 个。17 个品系的顶芒长于侧芒或两者差异不大，3 个品系的侧芒长于顶芒。相关性分析表明，芒长与穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重之间无显著相关性，有芒或无芒对籽粒产量的影响无显著相关性；穗长与小穗数、穗粒数、 穗粒重呈显著正相关，小穗数与穗粒数、穗粒重呈显著正相关，穗粒数与穗粒重也呈显著正相关。【结论】 L6、L9、L8、L13 品系均可作为选育无芒小黑麦新品种的备选材料。L14 芒长较短，穗部性状较好， 综合评价较高，可作为培育短芒小黑麦品种的潜在材料。

关键词:小黑麦;选育;芒;穗部性状;综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to screen the awnless or short-awned strains with good comprehensive traits，and to provide theoretical basis for breeding new varieties of awnless triticale.【Method】 The spikes and awns of 20 awnless triticale were studied with Shida No. 1 as the control material and comprehensive evaluation for the 21 triticale materials was done by grey correlation degree analysis in this paper.【Result】 The re- sults showed that 21 triticale varieties （lines） had very significant differences in tip awn，side awn，spike length，the number of spikelet，the number of grains per spike，and grain weight per spike. L6 had the shortest tip awn which was 4. 15mm and L9 had the shortest side awn which was 4. 03 mm. The largest number of spike length，spikelet and grain weight per spike of triticale line were L14（17. 40cm，38. 20 and 3. 67 g，respectively）. The largest number of grains per spike of triticale line was L5，which was 67. 00. The tip awn of 17 lines were longer than side awn or they had little difference and the side awn of 3 lines were longer than the tip awn. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between awn length and spike length，the number of spikelet，the number of grains per spike，and grain weight per spike. There was no significant correlation between awn line or awnless line on grain yield. The spike length was significantly positively correlated with the number of spikelet，the number of grains per spike，and grain weight per spike. The number of spikelet was significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per spike and grains weight per spike，and the number of grains per spike was also significantly positively corre- lated with grains weight per spike.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that L6 had the best comprehensive performance，followed by L9，L8，L13 and these four lines could be used as candidates for breeding new varieties of awnless triticale. L14 had shorter awn length，better spike traits and higher comprehensive evaluation which could be used as a potential material for cultivating short awn triticale.

Key words:triticale; breeding;awn;spike traits; comprehensive evaluation