施磷深度与施磷量水平对燕麦产量、光合特性及品质的影响

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on yield,photosyn⁃ thetic characteristics and quality of oat

摘要:

【目的】探讨磷肥对饲用燕麦产量、品质及光合特性的影响，为燕麦科学施肥提供参考。 【方法】以燕麦（Avena sativa）为研究对象，设置不同的施磷量和施磷深度，测定燕麦产量、品质和光合特性，【结果】 D15P15 处理燕麦生物量最高，为 5 122. 82 kg/hm² ；净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率最大值分别出现在 D15P15、D20P10、D5P15 处理，分别为 12. 97 μmol/（m² ·s）、2. 31 mol/（m² ·s）、7. 16 μmol/mol；叶 、茎 、穗的粗蛋白含量最大的处理分别为 D20P20、D20P20、D10P20 处理，其值分别为 27. 31%、12. 68%、24. 52%；叶、茎、穗的中性洗涤纤维含量最小的处理分别为 D20P0、D15P0、D10P0 处理 ，其值分别为 28. 67% 、47. 96% 、43. 50% ；叶 、茎 、穗的酸性洗涤纤维含量最小的处理分别为 D20P0、D20P0、D10P0 处理，其值分别为 15. 37%、30. 60%、20. 18%；叶、茎、穗的粗脂肪含量最大的处理分别为 D10P15、D15P15、D15P15 处理，其值为 13. 60%、10. 10%、13. 62%。【结论】燕麦最佳施磷深度为 15 cm、施磷量为 306 kg/hm² 。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In the course of scientific research and production practice，it has been observed that the limited mobility of phosphorus in the soil，coupled with its predominantly superficial or shallow application，hinders the full utilization of phosphorus by deep -rooted crops. This leads to a vertical distribution of phosphorus in the soil characterized by surface enrichment and insufficient lower layer distribution，resulting in reduced phosphorus fertilizer efficiency and soil pollution.【Method】 In light of this，this study focuses oats as the research object and explore the ef- fects of varying phosphorus application rates and depths on oat yield quality and photosynthetic characteristics. By measuring these parameters，the study aims to provide valuable insights for the scientific measurement of oat fertiliza- tion.【Result】 The study yield the following key findings：1） The highest oat biomass was achieved under the D15P15 treatment，with a value of 5 122. 82 kg/hm² . Maximum values for net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate and moisture utilization efficiency were observed in the D15P15，D20P10 and D5P15，respectively，with values of 12. 97μmol/（m² ·s），2. 31 mol/（m² ·s），and 7. 16 μmol/mol，respectively. 2） The highest crude protein content in leaves，stems and panicles was recorded under the treatment conditions of D20P20，D20P20 and D10P20，respec- tively，with values of 27. 31%，12. 68% and 24. 52%，respectively. 3） The lowest levels of neutral detergent fiber in leaves，stems and panicles were observed under the treatment conditions of D20P0，D15P0 and D10P0，respectively， with values of 28. 67%，47. 96% and 43. 50%，respectively. The lowest acid detergent fiber content in leaves，stems and ears occured under the treatment conditions of D20P0，D20P0 and D10P0，respectively，with values of 15. 37%， 30. 60% and 20. 18%，respectively. 4） The highest crude fat content in leaves，stems and ears was recoreded under the treatment conditions of D10P15，D15P15 and D15P15，respectively，with values of 13. 60%，10. 10% and 13. 62%，respectively.【Conclusion】 The optimal phosphorus approach for oat phosphorus fertilization is to apply phosphorus at a depth of 15 cm with a rate of 306 kg/hm² . This method maximises oat yield and quality while enhanc- ing its photosynthetic characteristics.