白条党参生理特性与品质评价

Study on physiological characteristics and quality evaluation of Codonopsis pilosula

摘要:

【目的】探讨采收期对党参产量及质量的影响。【方法】以不同生长年限（2 年生、3 年生、4 年生）与不同采收时间（从 9 月 10 日每隔 15 d 采挖 1 次，共采挖 5 次）采收的党参为材料，测定其生理特性和品质指标。【结果】随着采收时间的推移，药材外观性状均有所改善，产量有所上升。在 10 月 10 日采收的党参，党参多糖、炔苷含量均最高。不同采收时间条件下，党参药材浸出物均符合中国药典标准。 综合各项指标分析显示，综评指数大小排序为 10 月 10 日（0. 772 1）＞11 月 9 日（0. 770 8）＞10 月 25 日 （0. 716 8）＞9 月 25 日（0. 396 8）＞9 月 10 日（0. 040 4）；随着栽培年限的增长，虽药材外观性状有所改善，但内在指标（水分、灰分、浸出物）欠佳。栽培 3 年采收的党参，药材产量、炔苷含量均最高。【结论】 综合产量与有效成分评定，最佳采收期以年限 3 年采收时间 10 月 10 日左右为宜，此期党参产量较高， 富含生物活性成分，质量优异。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to explore the effect of harvest time on the yield and quality of C. pilosula. 【Method】 Physiological characteristics and quality indexes of C. pilosula harvested in different years （2-year-old，3- year-old and 4-year-old） and at different harvest time （from September 10，the excavations were made every 15 days for a total of 5 times） were studied.【Result】 The results showed that with the passage of harvest time，the appear- ance characters of medicinal materials were improved，and the yield was increased. C. pilosula harvested on October 10 had the highest content of polysaccharide and Lobetyolin. Under the conditions of different harvesting time，the ex- tract of C. pilosula conformed to the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The comprehensive analysis of various indi- cators showed that the order of the comprehensive evaluation index was October 10 （0. 772 1）＞November 9 （0. 770 8）＞October 25（0. 716 8）＞September 25（0. 396 8）＞September 10（0. 040 4）. With the growth of culti- vation years，although the appearance characters of medicinal materials were improved，the internal indexes （mois- ture，total ash，extractum） were worse. C. pilosula harvested after 3 years of cultivation had the highest yield and con- tent of Lobetyolin.【Conclusion】According to the evaluation of yield and active ingredients，the best harvest time is around October 10，which is 3 years old. The yield of C. pilosula is high，rich in bioactive ingredients，and the quality is excellent.