阿尔泰山哈巴河林区草地群落物种组成及多样性研究

Species composition and diversity of grassland com⁃ munity in Habahe forest zone of Altai Mountains

摘要:

【目的】探讨不同草地类型群落间物种多样性的变化特征及其生物量与物种多样性各项指数的关系，为哈巴河地区畜牧业的健康发展提供基础数据，为该地区草地资源的可持续利用和畜牧业发展提供参考。【方法】以阿尔泰山哈巴河林区 4 种草地类型为对象，通过野外采样及对样本进行处理， 计算植物群落物种多样性，分析各草地类型群落的物种组成及物种多样性变化特征，探讨生物量与物种多样性间的关系。【结果】1）共调查植物有 18 科 33 属 39 种，科属组成较分散，植物群落结构简单，荒漠草原与山地草甸草原间相似性系数小，异质性大，山地草原与山地草甸草原间相似性系数大，异质性小。2）各草地类型群落间的生物量、多样性各项指数存在明显差异，山地草原的丰富度优于其他草地类型，山地草甸草原的物种优势度和多样性情况最好，山地草甸的均匀度较好。3）草地生物量与多样性各项指数具有非线性相关关系，山地草原和山地草甸的群落生物量与 Simpson 指数、ShannonWiener 指数呈极显著相关（P＜0. 01），山地草甸草原与各项指数均存在显著相关（P＜0. 05）。4）群落物种多样性的垂直变化表现出一定的规律性。【结论】不同草地类型群落的生物量、多样性各项指数差异明显，草地生物量与多样性各项指数存在非线性关系，群落物种多样性的垂直变化表现出一定的规律性，其中草地群落间 Simpson 指数和 Shannon-Wiener 指数变化趋势基本一致，表现为先上升后下降，变化幅度大，而 Margalef指数和 Alatalo 指数随海拔垂直变化趋势不一致且幅度不明显。

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the changing characteristics of species diversity among communities of differ- ent grassland types and the relationship between their biomass and various indices of species diversity，so as to pro- vide basic data for the healthy development of animal husbandry in the Habahe region，and to provide a reference for the sustainable use of grassland resources and the development of animal husbandry in the region.【Method】 Using four grassland types in the Habahe forest area of Altai Mountains as objects，we calculated the species diversity of plant communities through field sampling and experimental treatment of samples，analysed the species composition and the characteristics of changes in species diversity of each grassland type，and explored the relationship between biomass and species diversity.【Result】（1）A total of 39 species from 18 families and33 genera were identified. The familycomposition exhibited dispersion，leading to a relatively simple plant community structure.（2）Significant differ- ences in biomass and diversity indices were observed among the various grassland types. Mountaingrassland exhib- ited higher species richness compared to the other grassland types，while mountain meadow grasslanddemonstrated the best species advantage and diversity，along with higher uniformity.（3） Nonlinear correlations werefound between grassland biomass and diversity indices. The community biomass of mountain grasslands and mountain meadows ex- hibited significant correlations with the Simpson index and shannon - Wiener index（P＜0. 01），whilethe mountain meadow grassland showed significant correlations with these indexes（P＜0. 05）.（4） The study alsoidentified certain regularity in the vertical variation of species diversity within the community.【Conclusion】 The biomass and diversity indices of different grassland communities differed significantly，and there was a non-linear relationship between the biomass and diversity indices of grasslands，and the vertical change of species diversity of the communities showed a certain regularity，among which the trends of Simpson index and Shannon - Wiener index were basically the same among the grassland communities，which showed that they increased firstly and then declined，with a large amplitude of the change，whereas the trends of the vertical change of Margalef index and Alatalo index along with the elevation were inconsistent and the amplitude of the change was not obvious.