内蒙古荒漠区药用种子植物区系研究

Flora of medicinal seed plants in desert area of Inner Mongolia

摘要:

【目的】探讨内蒙古荒漠区药用种子植物基本组成，区系特征，起源及演化过程。【方法】通过查阅资料和野外实地调查相结合的方法，运用植物区系地理学的基本原理对内蒙古荒漠区药用种子植物区系特征进行统计分析。【结果】内蒙古荒漠区药用种子植物有 66 科，190 属，285 种；其中被子植物有 63 科，186 属，279 种。表征科是胡颓子科、香蒲科、麻黄科、列当科、柽柳科、黑三棱科。优势科是包含 10 种及 10 种以上的科。区系在科一级以世界分布型为主，属一级以温带分布型为主。【结论】内蒙古荒漠药用植物中被子植物占绝对优势，荒漠药用植物多为旱生的草本、灌木，适应环境能力强，同时也存在很少部分湿生或沼生植物。荒漠地区生存环境恶劣，植物种系分化程度低。区系具有明显的温带性质，在一定程度上本土为发源地，地理联系广泛，并且与热带有一定的亲缘关系。

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the fundamental composition，floristic characteristics，origin and evolution of medicinal seed plants in the desert region of Inner Mongolia.【Method】 The floristic characteristics of medicinal seed plants in the desert region of Inner Mongolia were statistically analyzed following the basic principles of floristic geography. This analysis involved consulting data and conducting field investigations.【Result】The desert region of Inner Mongolia is home to 285 species of medicinal seed plants belonging to 190 genera and 66 families. Within this group，279 species of angiosperms，distributed across 186 genera and 63 families . The representative families are Elaeagnaceae，Typhoidaceae，Ephedraceae，Orobanchaceae，Tamaricaceae，and Sparganaceae. Dominant families in- clude 10 or more species. The flora is primarily associated with the temperate zone at the genus level，and at the fam- ily level，it has a global distribution.【Conclusion】 Medicinal plants in the Inner Mongolia are dominated by angio- sperms with most being xerophytic herbs and shrubs displaying strong adaptability to the harsh desert environment. There are relatively few hygrophytes or marsh plants in this region. Due to the challenging living conditions in desert areas，the diversity of plant species is limited. The flora exhibits a distinct temperate character and can be considered a native region with extensive geographical connections，sharing a certain kinship with tropical regions.