甘肃民勤温性荒漠草原3个亚类草地昆虫种类调查

Investigation of insect species in three subclasses of temperate desert steppe in Minqin County,Gansu Province

摘要:

【目的】明确甘肃省民勤县不同亚类荒漠草地地上昆虫的优势类群及多样性，丰富中国荒漠区域生物多样性保护与持续利用的资料，也为发展和丰富群落生态学研究提供资料。【方法】本研究于 2020 年和 2021 年的 5-8 月，在民勤温性荒漠草地 3 个亚类草地上，利用网捕、灯诱及陷阱法进行了昆虫种类调查。【结果】共采集昆虫 19 267 头，分属于 10 目，51 科，110 种，其中鞘翅目（Coleoptera）为第 1 大类群，共 21 科 50 种，占总种类数的 45. 45%；鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）为第二大类群，共 8 科 34 种，占调查总种数的 30. 91%。从昆虫在不同亚类草地上的分布来看，沙质荒漠草地上的昆虫 9 077 头，共 10 目、 40 科、91 种，占总调查个体数的 47. 11%，其中鞘翅目为优势类群，占沙质荒漠草地昆虫总个体数的 56. 41%，其次是鳞翅目，占 25. 58%；砾质荒漠草地上的昆虫 6 651 头，共 7 目、36 科、71 种，占总个体数的 34. 52%，其中鞘翅目个体数量占砾质荒漠草地昆虫总个体数的 73. 45%；盐土荒漠草地上的昆虫 3 539 头，共 6 目、24 科、55 种，个体数量仅占总调查个体数的 18. 37%，优势类群为鞘翅目和鳞翅目。沙质荒漠草地昆虫的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数最高，三个亚类草地间昆虫优势度指数无显著差异。除沙质荒漠草地和砾质荒漠草地的昆虫物种相似度表现为中等不相似外，其他草地间均表现为中等相似。【结论】砂质荒漠草地的昆虫物种最丰富，砾质草地次之，盐土草地昆虫物种多样性最低； 鞘翅目昆虫为 3 个亚类草地的优势类群。

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the dominant taxa and diversity of insects in different subclasses of desert grass- lands in Minqin County， Gansu Province， and enrich the information for the conservation and sustainable use of biodi- versity in China's desert regions and provide information for the development and enrichment of community ecology research.【Method】 In 2020 and 2021，the insect species were investigated using net capture，light trap and pitfall methods between May and August on three subclasses of temperate desert steppe in Minqin County，Gansu Province. 【Result】 The findings are as follows：A total of 19267 insect specimens were collected representing 110 species，51 families and 10 orders. Among them，Coleoptera was the dominant group with 21 families，50 species，accounting for 45. 45% of the total species，followed by Lepidoptera with 8 families and 34 species，making up 30. 91% of the total species. In the different subclasses，the sandy desert grassland 9077 insect specimens from 10 orders，40 families，and 91 species，constituting 47. 11% of the total species. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera accounted for 56. 41% and 25. 58% of the total insects in sandy desert grassland，respectively. The gravel desert grassland housed 6651 insects from 7 or- ders，36families，70 species，accounting for 34. 52% of the total specimens. Coleoptera was the dominant groups which accounted for 73. 45% of the total number of insects in gravel desert grassland. In saline desert grassland there were 3539 insects from 6 orders，24 families and 55 species，representing 18. 37% of the total specimens. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were the dominant groups in saline desert grassland. The diversity index（H’），richness index（D）and evenness index（E）of insect species in sandy grassland were the highest among three subclasses desert grassland. Simpson’s Dominance（C’）did not show significant differences among the three subclasses of grassland（P＜0. 05）. In this survey，except for the similarity index of insect species between gravel desert grassland and saline soil desert grassland，which showed medium dissimilarity，the other pair exhibited medium similarity.【Conclusion】 Insect spe- cies was the richest in sandy grassland， followed by gravel grassland， and that was the lowest in saline grassland. Co- leoptera was the dominant group of insects that distributed widely in temperate desert steppe of Minqin County.