【Objective】The aim of the study is to clarify the soil and vegetation status of undegraded grassland in Songnen Plain，and provide scientific basis for the protection of natural grassland ecosystem and sustainable use of grassland in Songnen Plain.【Method】 In this study，the typical natural grassland of enclosure in Dumeng，Lindian and Zhaodong of the Songnen Plain in western Heilongjiang province was selected for sampling analysis within the quadrat，The community composition，changes of soil characteristics were also investigated and，the relationship be- tween community composition and soil characteristics were analyzed.【Result】 According to the site type and vegeta- tion characteristics，the undegraded natural grassland was divided into temperate meadow grassland and low-land meadow. The results showed that species number，richness index and Shannon -Wiener index of temperate meadow grassland were higher than those of low-land meadow. The distribution of upper，middle and lower communities was uniform. The soil pH value and conductivity of low - land meadow were generally higher than those of temperate meadow grassland. Soil bulk density was lower than that of temperate meadow grassland . The aboveground biomass， the contents of total nitrogen and organic matter of temperate meadow grassland were generally lower than those of low-land meadow . Soil moisture content was negatively correlated with species number and richness index. 【Conclusion】 The community coverage of natural non - degraded typical steppe in Songnen Plain was still at a high level，and the community density was greatly affected by surface soil nutrients. The species diversity of zonal temper- ate meadow grassland was better than that of non-zonal low-land meadow，but the soil nutrient status was lower than that of low-land meadow.