不同N、P、K水平对砂生槐组培苗生长发育及养分转运的影响

Effects of different N,P and K levels on growth and nutrient transport of tissue cultured seedlings of

摘要:

【目的】通过研究不同氮、磷、钾配比对砂生槐（Sophora moorcroftiana）生长发育、养分积累、 转运效率和利用率的影响，找到最适施肥配比。【方法】采用砂生槐组培扩繁苗，采用 L₉（ 3⁴ ）正交设计， 探究不同水平 N（150、300、450 mg/L）、P（50、100、150 mg/L）、K（100、200、300 mg/L）配施对砂生槐组培苗生长发育及养分转运的影响。【结果】1）施肥处理对砂生槐幼苗地径生长没有显著影响，但是能显著使幼苗长高，比 CK 增高了 18. 2%~61. 3%，处理后幼苗根、茎、叶生物量都显著高于 CK，分别增高了 38. 6%~121. 7%、76. 6%~156. 6%、46. 5%~158. 5%。2）氮磷钾不同配比会影响砂生槐幼苗各器官内的养分积累，N₃P₃K₂处理能显著提高砂生槐幼苗体内的氮含量，比 CK 增高了 116. 6%；N₁P₂K₂、 N₁P₃K₁处理能提高砂生槐幼苗体内的磷含量，比 CK 增高了 149. 2%、119. 7%；N₁P₃K₁、N₃P₃K₂处理能提高砂生槐体内的钾含量，比 CK 提高了 163. 1%、186. 9%。3）N₁P₂K₂处理下，氮的转运效率最高可达 120%；N₁P₁K₁处理下，磷的转运效率可达 69%；N₃P₂K₁处理下，钾的转运效率最高可达 94%。（4）N₃P₃K₂ 处理的氮利用率最高可达 38. 9%，N₁P₂K₂处理的磷利用率最高可达 49. 7%，N₃P₃K₂处理的钾利用率最高可达 62. 3%。【结论】施氮量 450 mg/L、施磷量 150 mg/L、施钾量 200 mg/L，氮磷钾配比为 9∶3∶4 时， 最有利于砂生槐幼苗的生长。

关键词:砂生槐;组培苗;生长发育;养分积累;转运效率;利用率;氮磷钾

Abstract:

【Objective】Sophora moorcroftiana serves multiple purposes，as it is not only an important medicinal plant，but also a preferred crop for wind-break，sand-fixing，water and soil conservation and an ornamental plant. To determine the optimum ratio of fertilizer application，this research investigated the effects of different ratios of N，P and K on the growth，nutrient accumulation，transport efficiency and utilization of S. moorcroftiana.【Method】 In this paper，L₉（ 3⁴ ） orthogonal design was used for tissue culture and propagation of S. moorcroftiana. This study examined the effects of different levels of N （150，300，450 mg/L），P （50，100，150 mg/L），K （100，200，300 mg/L） on the growth and nutrient transport of S. moorcroftiana.【Result】1） Fertilization had no significant effect on the diameter growth of S. moorcroftiana seedlings. However it increased the height of seedlings by 18. 2%~61. 3% compared to the control （CK）. Moreover，the biomass of roots，stems and leaves of seedlings significantly exceeded that of the CK，increasing by 38. 6%~121. 7%，76. 6%~156. 6% and 46. 5%~158. 5% respectively. 2） Different ratios of N， P and K affected the accumulation of nutrients in different organs of S. moorcroftiana seedlings. N₃P₃K₂ treatment sig-nificantly increased the nitrogen content of in S. moorcroftiana seedlings by 116. 6%. N₁P₂K₂ and N₁P₃K₁ treatment in- creased the phosphorus content. Furthermore，the K contents in S. moorcroftianaincreased by 149. 2% and 119. 7% treated with N₁P₃K₁ and N₃P₃K₂ respectively. In addition，and the K contents of in S. moorcroftiana increased by 163. 1% and 186. 9% treated with N₁P₃K₁ and N₃P₃K₂ respectively. 3） Under the treatment of N₁P₂K₂，the transfer ef- ficiency of nitrogen reached 120%，phosphorus reached 69% under the treatment of N₁P₁K₁，and potassium reached 94% under the treatment of N₃P₂K₁. 4） The highest nitrogen use efficiency was achieved with N₃P₃K₂ at 38. 9%，the highest phosphorus use efficiency with N₁P₂K₂ at 49. 7%，and the highest potassium use efficiency with N₃P₃K₂ at 62. 3%. Conclusion： Principal Component Analysis （PCA） was conducted to analyze the effects of N₃P₃K₂ on the growth of S. moorcroftiana seedlings.【Conclusion】 The treatments of N₃P₃K₂，P 150 mg/L，K 200 mg/L，and N∶P∶ K= 9∶3∶4 were determined to be the most effective.

Key words:Sophora moorcroftiana;tissue culture seedling sgrowth and development;nutrient accumulation; transport efficiency;utilization rate;nitrogen;phosphorus and potassium