小黑麦品系在甘肃中部地区种子产量及产量构成因素的研究

Study on seed yield and yield components of triticale strains in central Gansu Province

摘要:

【目的】筛选适宜在甘肃中部地区种植的小黑麦品系。【方法】以甘肃农业大学培育的 28 份小黑麦品系为试验材料，比较不同品系小黑麦种子产量及产量构成因素（穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重）的差异，初步筛选种子产量高的小黑麦品系。【结果】30 份小黑麦材料的种子产量和构成因素存在显著差异（P＜0. 05），品系 TP17-68 的种子产量最高（4 247. 08 kg/hm² ）。种子产量构成因素中，穗粒重与种子产量显著正相关（P＜0. 05），对种子产量的直接作用最大；穗粒数通过穗粒重对种子产量的间接作用最大。【结论】 TP17-68 小黑麦品系的种子产量最高，适于在临洮地区作为粮用小黑麦进行种植；小黑麦育种中应优先考虑穗粒重和穗粒数，以获得较高繁殖效率。

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen suitable triticale line to be cultivated in central area of Gansu province. 【Method】28 triticale lines bred by Gansu Agricultural University were used as the experimental materials. Triticale lines with high seed yield was screened by comparing seed yield and yield components （spike length，number of spike- let per spike，number of grains per spike，grain weight per spike，thousand kernel weight） of the above materials. 【Result】 Significant differences existed in seed yield and yield components of 30 triticale materials which included two controls （P＜0. 05）. Line TP17-68 exhibited the highest seed yield （4 247. 08 kg/hm² ）. Among seed yield components，grain weight per spike was significantly positive correlated with seed yield （P＜0. 05），which had the most direct effect on seed yield； number of grains per spike had the most indirect effect on seed yield through its influ- ence on grain weight per spike.【Conclusion】 Triticale line TP17-68 obtained the highest seed yield which was suit- able to be cultivated in central Gansu to produce seed. In triticale breeding，priority should be given to grain weight and number of grains per spike to achieve high reproductive efficiency.