接种不同微生物菌剂对牛粪好氧堆肥腐熟的影响

Effect of inoculation of different microbial agents on the maturation of cattle manure by aerobic compost

摘要:

【目的】 探究接种不同微生物菌剂对牛粪好氧堆肥腐熟的影响。【方法】 堆肥材料由牛粪、蘑菇渣和尾菜组成，湿重比为5∶4∶1，使堆肥的C/N 保持在25~30。设计4 个堆肥处理，在3 个处理组中接种量按照菌剂体积和堆体质量比1. 5% 的微生物菌剂CDS、XY4 和LL，在处理组CK 中不添加菌剂。每个处理重复3 次。堆肥处理38 d 后，研究不同堆肥处理条件下温度、pH 值、含水量、C/N、EC、全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮等堆肥指标的变化。【结果】 CK、CDS、XY4、LL 处理保持高温时间分别为22、23、24 和26 d，处理LL 保持的高温时间最长，且温度最高为72. 53 ℃，XY4 仅次于LL；堆肥结束时CK、CDS、XY4、LL 处理的含水率分别下降到34. 64%、43. 29%、38. 66%、44. 1%，CDS、XY4、LL 处理的水分散失都显著高于CK（P＜0. 05），其中LL 的水分蒸发速率最大；各堆肥处理的pH 值总体呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势，堆肥结束时，CK、CDS、XY4、LL 的pH 分别为8. 71、8. 62、8. 25、8. 34，XY4、LL 处理的pH 值都极显著低于CK（P＜0. 01），其中接种XY4 的堆肥中pH 最低；堆肥结束时各处理组的EC 在1. 75~2. 47 ms/cm，已达到腐熟状态，各菌剂对堆肥的EC 无显著差异（P＞0. 05）；CK、CDS、XY4、LL处理堆肥结束C/N 分别较初始下降了32. 24%、38. 75% 、48. 59%、44. 51%，XY4 处理的效果与CK 差异极显著（P＜0. 01）；所有处理全氮含量呈现缓慢升高的趋势，堆肥结束时CK、CDS、XY4、LL 处理全氮含量分别是14. 46、16. 48、16. 54、16. 54 g/kg，菌剂 XY4、LL 对堆体保氮效果最好；堆肥结束时NH4+ ‐N 含量降至1. 47~1. 64 g/kg，CK 与CDS、XY4、LL 处理组没有显著差异（P＞0. 05）；4 d 至堆肥结束各菌剂处理的硝态氮的含量均有显著升高（P＜0. 05），大小顺序为CDS＞LL＞XY4＞CK。【结论】 添加微生物菌剂XY4 与LL 的堆肥腐熟效果较好。

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of inoculation of different microbial agentson the aerobic composting of cattle manure compost.【Method】 The compost material consisted of cow dung，mushroomresidue and tailing vegetables in a wet weight ratio of 5∶4∶1 to keep the C/N of the compost at 25~30. 4 composttreatments were designed，with inoculations of the microbial agents CDS，XY4 and LL at 1. 5% of the volume ofthe agent to the mass of the pile in 3 treatment groups with no addition of the agent in treatment group CK. After 38d of compost treatment，each treatment was replicated three times. The changes of compost indexes such as temperature，pH，water content，C/N，EC，total nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under different composttreatment conditions were studied.【Result】 CK，CDS，XY4，and LL maintained high temperature for 22 d，23 d，24d，and 26 d，respectively. Treatment LL maintained high temperature for the longest time and the highest temperaturewas 72. 53 ℃ . XY4 was second only to LL. The water content of CK，CDS，XY4，and LL decreased to34. 64%，43. 29%，38. 66%，and 44. 1%，respectively，at the end of compost. The water loss of CDS，XY4 and LLtreatment was significantly higher than CK （P＜0. 05），and the water evaporation rate of LL was the highest. At theend of compost，the pH of CK，CDS，XY4 and LL were 8. 71，8. 62，8. 25 and 8. 34，respectively，and the pH of XY4and LL were significantly lower than CK （P＜0. 01），and the pH of XY4 inoculated compost was the lowest. TheEC of each treatment group ranged from 1. 75 to 2. 47 ms/cm，which had reached the state of decomposition，andthere was no significant difference（ P＞0. 05） between the EC of each fungicide on the compost. The C/N at the endof CK，CDS，XY4 and LL compost treatment decreased by 32. 24%，38. 75%，48. 59% and 44. 51%，respectively，compared with the initial compost treatment，and the effect of XY4 treatment was significantly different from that ofCK（ P＜0. 01）. The total nitrogen content of all treatments showed a trend of slow increase，and the total N contentof each treatment CK，CDS，XY4，and LL at the end of compost were 14. 46 g/kg，16. 48 g/kg，16. 54 g/kg，16. 54g/kg，and 16. 54 g/kg，respectively. The content of NH4+ ‐N decreased to 1. 47~1. 64g/kg at the end of compos，andthere was no significant difference（ P＞0. 05） between control CK and treatment CDS，XY4 and LL. The content ofnitrate‐N of each bacterial treatment increased significantly （P＜0. 05） from 4d to the end of compost，and the orderwas CDS＞ LL＞XY4＞CK.【Conclusion】 Adding microbial agent XY4 with LL composting is more effective.