【Objective】 This paper reports the study of the leaf anatomy of ten species of herbs.【Method】 Theconventional paraffin sectioning technique was used to examine the leaf transverse sections of six species of Poaceae，including Elymus kamoji and four species of Cyperaceae，including Carex argyi.【Result】 The leaves of all ten plantswere isopetalous，lacking differentiation of chloroplastic tissues. The number of layers of chloroplastic cells and the de-gree of tightness in arrangement varied. The leaf epidermis of all ten species consisted of a single layer of cells. Incross-section，the upper epidermal cells were thickness in Rhynchospora chinensis. The size of upper and lower epi-dermal cells differed significantly. The cross-sectional area of epidermal cells in Agrostis clavata was smaller. Differ-ent plants exhibited varying thickness of cuticle outside the leaf epidermis. Some had epidermal hairs，while A. cla-vata and Eragrostis pilosa showed protrusions outside the epidermis，aiding adaptation to the dry environment. Ely-mus kamoji and C. argyi had more developed leaf veins. and A. clavata leaves possessed two layers of vascularsheaths outside the vascular bundle，forming an obvious wreath structure. Bulliform cells were observed in the upperepidermis of eight species，with R. chinensis and Scirpus karuisawensis being exceptions. The number，morphologyand distribution of bulliform cells in the leaf epidermis varied among the eight plant species. The large and distinct aircavities in the leaves of S. karuisawensis and C. argyi ensured efficient gas transport in a well-watered environment.【Conclusion】 The ten plant species exhibited different structural features in their leaves，indicative of adaptation todry，mesophytic or wet environments. These features are not only taxonomically significant but also reflect the plants’adaptation to their respective environments.