基于GIS的贵州喀斯特山区牧草栽培区划及其适宜性分析

A GIS-Based artificial grass planting region divisionand suitability analysis of the Karst mountainregion of Guizhou Province

摘要:

【目的】 在贵州喀斯特山区进行牧草栽培区划，评价牧草栽培区划适宜性，为提高牧草产量、充分利用土地资源和贵州喀斯特山区草地畜牧业健康发展提供科学依据。【方法】 采用地理信息系统（GIS）技术，基于海拔高度和土壤pH，考虑降水量、最高温、平均温、最低温、太阳辐射和水汽压等六个因素，实现了贵州省牧草栽培分区。【结果】 低海拔酸性土壤区主要分布在贵州东南部的黎平等县区；中低海拔酸性土壤区和中高海拔酸性土壤区均主要分布在北部的遵义等县区，高海拔酸性土壤区分布在黔西南的晴隆等县区；低海拔中性碱性土壤区分布在黔东南的台江等县区；中低海拔中性碱性土壤区分布在毕节织金等县区；中高海拔中性碱性土壤区分布在黔南三都等县区；高海拔中性碱性土壤区分布在北部道真等县区。降水量、最高温、平均温、最低温、太阳辐射和水汽压均与海拔高度有明显相关关系，但太阳辐射与海拔高度相关关系弱于其他因子。同时最低温在各个分区的变异率均大于10%。【结论】 未来，在贵州喀斯特山区除海拔高度和土壤pH 外，还应进一步探索最低温和太阳辐射对牧草生长发育的影响，进行合理的牧草栽培分区。

Abstract:

【Objective】 In the Karst mountainous regions of Guizhou，a regionalization approach has been imple-mented to assess the suitability of forage planting zones. This effort aims to provide a scientific basis for enhancingforage yield，optimizing land resource utilization，and fostering the sustainable development of grassland livestockfarming in the Karst mountainous areas of Guizhou.【Method】 Based on altitude and soil pH data，Geographic Infor-mation System （GIS） technology was used to delineate pasture cultivation zones. Precipitation，maximum tempera-ture，average temperature，minimum temperature，solar radiation，and water vapor pressure factors were considered.【Result】 The low-altitude acidic soil areas were mainly distributed in Liping County and other counties in the south-east Guizhou. The medium -low -altitude acidic soil areas as well as the medium -high-altitude acidic soil areas weremainly distributed in Zunyi County and other counties in the northern，while the high -altitude acidic soil areas weremainly distributed in Qinglong County and other counties in the southwestern Guizhou. The low altitude neutral alka-line soil areas were mainly distributed in Taijiang County and other counties in southeast Guizhou. The medium-low-altitude neutral alkaline soil areas were mainly distributed in Bijie City，Zhijin County and other counties. The medium-high-altitude neutral alkaline soil areas were mainly distributed in Sandu County and other counties in southern Gui-zhou. The high -altitude neutral alkaline soil areas were mainly distributed in Daozhen County and other counties in the northern Guizhou. There were obvious correlations between altitude and precipitation，maximum temperature，av-erage temperature，minimum temperature，and water vapor pressure factors，but the correlation was weak for solar ra-diation. Minimum temperature had the biggest coefficient of variation within each pasture cultivation zone.【Conclusion】 In addition to factors of elevation and soil pH in the Karst mountainous areas of Guizhou，the influencesof the minimum temperature and solar radiation on forage growth and development shall be explored. Thus， a reason-able forage cultivation partitioning may be obtained.