放牧对中国草地植物群落物种多样性的影响

Effects of grazing on species diversity in Chinesegrasslands:a Meta-analysis

摘要:

【目的】 明晰我国草地植物群落物种多样性特征及其影响因素对放牧干扰的响应，以便充分认识草地群落结构特征和发展趋势，反馈草地植被生长健康和系统稳定状况。【方法】 基于Meta 分析方法，对我国草地已开展的28 个关于放牧对草地植物群落多样性影响的研究进行了整合分析。【结果】 放牧干扰总体上降低了我国草地植物群落物种多样性，其中放牧显著降低了荒漠草原物种多样性，增加了草甸草原物种多样性；不同放牧强度和年限均对我国草地植物群落物种多样性存在影响，中度放牧提高了草地物种多样性，而重度放牧和长期放牧均降低了草地物种多样性。此外，年均降水量对植物群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数具有显著的正向影响，可分别解释8. 70% 和15. 24% 的效应值变异；年均温度对物种多样性指数和优势度指数具有显著的负向影响，可分别解释9. 07% 和11. 61% 的效应值变异；放牧年限对多样性指数具有显著负效应，而对丰富度指数具有显著正效应，可分别解释2. 52% 和25. 27% 的效应值变异。【结论】 优化放牧管理制度可有效改善草地植物群落物种多样性，促进我国草地生态系统健康稳定发展。

Abstract:

【Objective】 Clarifying the response of grassland plant community species diversity characteristics andits influencing factors to grazing disturbance in China is crucial for fully understanding the characteristics and develop-ment trends of grassland community structure. Additionally，also it provides valuable insights into the health of grass-land vegetation growth and system stability.【Method】 Utilizing a meta-analysis approach，we integrated and ana-lyzed 28 studies on the effects of grazing on plant community diversity of grasslands in China.【Result】 The findingsindicated a general reduction in the species diversity of grassland plant communities due to grazing disturbance inChina. Specifically，grazing decreased the species diversity of desert steppe and significantly increased the species di-versity of meadow steppe. Various grazing intensities and durations had distinct effects on grassland plant communitydiversity. Moderate grazing positively influenced species diversity，while severe and long-term grazing had negativeimpacts. Moreover，average annual precipitation exhibited a significant positive impact on plant community species di-versity and evenness indice，explaining 8. 70% and 15. 24% of the effect value variation，respectively. Annual meantemperature had a significant negative effect on the species diversity index and dominance index，explaining 9. 07%and 11. 61% of the effect value variation，respectively. Grazing years had negative affected the diversity index andpositively influenced the richness index，explaining 2. 52% and 25. 27% of the variation in effect values，respectively.【Conclusion】In summary，optimizing the grazing management system can effectively enhance the species diversity ofgrassland plant communities，fostering the healthy and stable development of the grassland ecosystem in China.